Determination of orientation

Pemberton J E, Bryant M A, Sobooinski R L and Joa S L 1992 A simple method for determination of orientation of adsorbed organios of low symmetry using surfaoe-enhanoed Raman soattering J. Rhys. Chem. 96 3776-82... 

T Damerau and M Hennecke, Determination of orientational order parameters of uniaxial films with a commercial 90°C-angle fluorescence spectrometer, J. Chem. Phys., 103 6232-6240, 1995. 

Kummel, A.C., Sitz, G.O. and Zare, R.N. (1988). Determination of orientation of the ground state using two-photon nonresonant excitation, J. Chem. Phys., 88, 6707-6732. 

Infrared determination of orientation, orientation distribution, and crystallinity in polyethylene films. J. Polymer Sci. 24, 93—104 (1957). 

The use of an evanescent wave to excite fluorophores selectively near a solid-fluid interface is the basis of the technique total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). It can be used to study theadsorption kinetics of fluorophores onto a solid surface, and for the determination of orientational order and dynamics in adsorption layers and Langmuir-Blodgett films. TIRF microscopy (TIRFM) may be combined with FRAP ind FCS measurements to yield information about surface diffusion rates and the formation of surface aggregates. 

Pemberton, J.E., Bryant, M.A., Sobocinski, R.L, and Joa, S.L. (1992) A simple method for determination of orientation of adsorbed organics of low symmetry using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 96, 3716-3782. 

Figure 6. Determination of orientation from polarized fluorescence emission experiments. The orientation of the amphiphile chains in neighboring domains is indicated by the sloping parallel lines in the monolayer, and the orientation of the polarizability tensor of the fluorophore is represented by the line segment perpendicular to the chain axis. Long arrows show the direction of the incident light, and small arrows represent the direction of the electric field for p-polarized light. After Moy et al. ...

S. Saengsuwan, G. R. Mitchell, and S. Bualek-Limcharoen. Determination of orientation parameters in drawn films of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/polypropylene blends using WAXS. Polymer, 44 5951-5959, 2003. 

The development of specialist software for the analysis of electron micrographs has equipped researchers with a variety of computational tools to analyse different types of sample. These methods are all based on the premise that a micrograph is a simple projection of the object and therefore have much in common. The main steps include (i) pre-processing of images, (ii) restoration of images, (iii) enhancement of images, (iv) determination of orientations and (v) reconstmction of the three-dimensional distribution of density. The result obtained must then be validated and interpreted. 

A final point should be made regarding the determination of orientation functions. For simplicity, the above discussion has been couched in terms of cos O and cos 9. If we wish to describe p(0) say, in terms of such functions, it is desirable to choose an orthogonal set of functions. It is therefore customary to carry out these analyses in terms ofspherical harmonic functions, in this case... 

Investigation of compositional diversity among Fijian ceramics Study of climate change and population history in the Pacific Lowlands of Southern Mesoamerica Provenance determination of oriental porcelain... 

Bartle, E.K., Watling, R.J. (2001) Provenance determination of oriental porcelain using laser ablation-indnctively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Journal of Forensic Science, 52, 341-348. 

T. Nakai, H. Fujimori, D. Kuwahara, S. Miy ima, Complete assignment of NMR spectra and determination of orientational order parameter for antiferroelectric liquid-crystalline MHPOBC, J. Phys. Chem. B 103 (1999) 417. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a technique of considerable versatility in polymer science. It is used universally as a probe of chemical configurations, it provides information on the dynamics and relaxation times of a polymer system and it offers a route to the determination of orientation parameters, the exact route depending on the particular nuclei employed. In principle quadrupolar, dipolar, shielding tensor and indirect spin coupling interactions can all be employed " however, in practice only the first two have any universal appeal. Dipolar coupling using proton NMR offers the simplest approach in terms of material preparation and will be considered first. 

THEORY OF SEGMENTAL ORIENTATION IN AMORPHOUS POLYMER NETWORKS AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF ORIENTATION IN POLYISOPRENE NETWORKS BY FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION... 

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