Russian empire

Serious science started in Russian empire in the middle of the XVIII century. The first known Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov obtained (in the I750sJ experimental data on the preservation of the mass of substances in chemical reactions. T.E. Lovits discovered adsorption from solutions he used wood carbon as an adsorbent. Among other scientists, Lovits detected compounds using characteristic forms of their crystals. V.M. Severgin published a book on analysis of mineral raw materials. 

Marie and Irene Curie, and their husbands, Pierre Curie and Frederic Joliot. Marie Curie (1867-1934) was born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland, then a part of the Russian empire. In 1891 she emigrated to Paris to study at the Sorbonne, where she met and married a French physicist, Pierre Curie (1859-1906). The Curies were associates of Henri Becquerel, the man who discovered that uranium salts are radioactive. They showed that thorium, like uranium, is radioactive and that the amount of radiation emitted is directly proportional to the amount of uranium or thorium in the sample. 

Geneva, Switzerland, was bom in the Polish town of Piotrkow in 1872." (The town had been spelled in Russian then Petrokov had been the capital of a province in the Russian empire.) And for the investigator, who hadn t understood Polish, he had told it in German. "I, Dr. Maurcy Szpilfogel was bom in the Polish town of Petrikau. The war brought my work to a sudden stop."... 

Russian and Siberian Isinglass,—The Isinglass prodiiced in the Russian empire is principally... 

He worried that the noble families who ran the government of the Russian Empire would ignore the advice of scientists and listen instead to the Spiritualists. Mendeleyev was also convinced that many mediums were fakes. 

In 1734 the General map of the Russian Empire prepared by I.K. Kirilov was published. The sheet of the European part of Russia showed the Black and Azov Seas. In 1739 the map of the Black Sea made by Vitsen was included into the special navigation atlas of L. Renare. 

Dec. 16, 1896, Dorpat, Russian Empire, now Tartu, Estonia - Apr. 4, 1971, Bonn, Germany) Mark von Stackelberg, the son of a German-Baltic noble family, grew up on their estate in Sutlem (now Sutlema), attended school in Reval (now Tallinn) and started to study science in Dorpat, what was very difficult in the... 

Anton Chekhov, in a June 1890 letter describing his travels in the Far East of the Russian Empire (Chekhov 2004 21—22)... 

A Journey to the End of the Russian Empire. Translated by Rosamund Bartlett, Anthony Phillips, Luba Terpak, and Michael Terpak. London Penguin Books Great Journeys. 

Analysis of the literature and multiple archive records shows that penetration of cholera into the territory of the Russian empire in the past occurred mostly through Azerbaijan 11 -41. This was facilitated by several factors (1) travel along the rivers Aras and Kura, originating abroad in territories infected by cholera, (2) the intensive trade relations between Azerbaijan and countries in the Near East, (3) the availability of numerous caravan trails, (4) climatic conditions favorable for infection, and (5) an extremely low level of household sanitation. It is possible presently to bring cholera infection into the Republic of Azerbaijan from countries whose conditions are not hospitable to it but that share borders or have established close economic, tourist, or other relations. 

During all six pandemics, cholera penetrated into Russia through its southern borders and Azerbaijan was the first territory affected because it was on the transportation route between the Russian empire and eastern and southern countries. Azerbaijan also had a number of natural and climatic features that particularly encouraged the spread of cholera. The poor sanitary conditions of the population, a weak water supply, and the absence of a sewage system also contributed to the wide spread of cholera in Azerbaijan during the first six pandemics. 

Lenz (pronounced lents), Heinrich Friedrich Emil (1804-1865) was born in Dorpat, Russian Empire (now Tartu, Estonia) and formulated his eponymous law of electromagnetism in 1833. He participated in a round-the-world expedition in 1823-1826 and made extremely accurate measurements of the properties of seawater. 

Jorpes, Erik J., 1894-1973 (pp. 166,241, Plate 23) was bom on the Finish island Kokar in the Aland archipelago, when Finnland was part of the Russian Empire. He worked together with V. Mutt with great success on the chemistry and physiology of the gastro-intestinal hormones at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, where he died in 1973. 

Bernard Pares, The Fall of the Russian Empire, (London J. Cape, 1939), 230. 

At the invitation of the Russian Czar, Nicholas I (1796-1855), three German scientists undertook a scientific expedition into the remote Siberian reaches of the Russian Empire in 1837. Their travels covered nearly... 

The Russian Chemical Society (RKhO) remained the only nationwide chemical society in the Russian Empire from its organization in 1868 until after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. The society remained located in St. Petersburg at the... 

The conversion of Russia s Imperial ambitions with its desire for dramatic territorial expansion dates to the reigns of Peter and Catherine in the eighteenth century. Russian writers sentenced to exile were henceforth typically banished from the country s political and cultural centres to such provincial peripheries as the Caucasus and Siberia. Given that exile and home are interdependent terms, the very concept of internal exile implies that vast areas of the Russian empire have been perceived as other or foreign chuzhoi). In a cultural tradition that tends to see literature as the social conscience of the nation and hence inextricably linked with the... 

Dimitri) Mendelejev was bom in Tobolsk, Siberia on February 7, 1834. He was the youngest of 14 children in one of the pioneer families, whose duty it was to transform the eastern provinces of the huge Russian empire. His father was Principal of the local high school in Tobolsk. He died and Dimitrij s... 

In the 18 century the Empress Catherine II of Russia initiated a search for valuable minerals in the vast Russian Empire. Perhaps this can be seen as the beginning of a tradition, leading to the strong development of geochemistry in both Russia and the Soviet Union in the 20 century. 

He was bom in Geneva, Switzerland, the son of an artist. The family moved to Russia when he was three years old his father had found work there as a tutor on an estate. Hess studied medicine at the University of Tartu in Estonia (then part of the Russian empire) and received his doctor of medicine degree in 1825. In addition to his medical studies, Hess took courses in chemistry and geology and wrote a doctoral dissertation on the composition of mineral waters in Russia."... 

Fig. 57.8 The monument honors the epic hero Kenesary Khan (f84i-1847), recently elevated to the status of a freedom fighter for his defiance of the Russian empire...

---