Inorganic mass spectrometry

Isotope Abundances Negative Ions Synthetic Models V. High-Resolution Studies VI. Metastable-Ion Techniques VII. Coupled Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds VIII. Conclusion. ... 

Mestek, O. (1998). Determination of arsenic in high-saline mineral waters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 63(3), 347. 

Thus, either the emitted light or the ions formed can be used to examine samples. For example, the mass spectrometric ionization technique of atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) utilizes a corona discharge to enhance the number of ions formed. Carbon arc discharges have been used to generate ions of otherwise analytically intractable inorganic substances, with the ions being examined by mass spectrometry. 

Adams, F., Gijbels, R., and Van Grieken, K., Inorganic Mass Spectrometry, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1988. Adams, R.R, Identification of Essential Oils by Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1989. 

Knewstubb, P.F., Mass Spectrometry and Ion-Molecule Reactions, Cambridge University Press, London, 1969. Laeter, J.R. di. Applications of Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 2001. 

Litzow, M.R. and Spalding, T.R., Mass Spectrometry of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1973. 

Reference has been made to the problems associated with the presence of highly involatile analytes. Many buffers used in HPLC are inorganic and thus involatile and these tend to compromise the use of the interface, in particular with respect to snagging of the belt in the tunnel seals. The problem of inorganic buffers is not one confined to the moving-belt interface and, unless post-column extraction is to be used, those developing HPLC methods for use with mass spectrometry are advised to utilize relatively volatile buffers, such as ammonium acetate, if at all possible. 

Vol. 95. Inorganic Mass Spectrometry. Edited by F. Adams, R. Gijbels, and R. Van Grieken... 

Ahrer, W. and Buchberger, W., Analysis of low-molecular-mass inorganic and organic anions by ion chromatography-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry, /. Chromatogr A, 854, 275, 1999. 

Xiang, X., Ko, C. Y., and Guh, H. Y., Ion-exchange chromatography/ electrospray mass spectrometry for the identification of organic and inorganic species in topiramate tablets, Anal. Chem., 68, 3726, 1996. 

Inorganic mass spectrometry is described in Section 8.5 related topics are laser mass spectrometry and surface mass spectrometry. In the 37-page review on the analysis of additives by Freitag [2] in 1990, just 13 lines were devoted to mass spectrometry. Later, Batail-lard el al. [3] still dedicate less than a page to MS, although many regard the technique as one of the most important of its kind available today. This monograph... 

Sample preparation for the common desorption/ionisation (DI) methods varies greatly. Films of solid inorganic or organic samples may be analysed with DI mass spectrometry, but sample preparation as a solution for LSIMS and FAB is far more common. The sample molecules are dissolved in a low-vapour-pressure liquid solvent - usually glycerol or nitrobenzyl alcohol. Other solvents have also been used for more specialised applications. Key requirements for the solvent matrix are sample solubility, low solvent volatility and muted acid - base or redox reactivity. In FAB and LSIMS, the special art of sample preparation in the selection of a solvent matrix, and then manipulation of the mass spectral data afterwards to minimise its contribution, still predominates. Incident particles in FAB and LSIMS are generated in filament ionisation sources or plasma discharge sources. 

Figure 8.3 Comparison of lateral and depth resolutions of various physical methods. For acronyms, see Appendix I. After Ramendik et al. [101], Reprinted from G. Ramendik et al., in Inorganic Mass Spectrometry (F. Adams et al., eds), John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 17-84, Copyright (1988, John Wiley Sons, Inc.) This material is used by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

Noticeable trends in inorganic mass spectrometry are speed, simultaneity, and fewer problems from isobars and tuned plasma conditions. Inorganic MS techniques used for inorganic trace analysis have been reviewed [350]. Various monographs deal with inorganic mass spectrometry [351,352] and plasma-source mass spectrometry in particular [353,354]. 

Applications Table 8.58 shows the main fields of application of inorganic mass spectrometry. Mass-spectrometric techniques find wide application in inorganic analysis, and are being used for the determination of elemental concentrations and of isotopic abundances for speciation and surface characterisation for imaging and depth profiling. Solid-state mass spectrometry is usable as a quantitative method only after calibration by standard samples. 

Table 8.58 Fields of application of inorganic mass spectrometry...

Tables 8.57 and 8.61 compare the performance of GD-MS to other inorganic mass-spectrometry techniques, including LA-ICP-MS which acts as a strong competitor. GD and laser ablation techniques offer the possibility to obtain information about the distribution of analyte within the sample, but on quite a different scale. Pulsed GD requires ToF-MS [374].

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