Poisoning, treatment

In most situations, adequate, usuaHy forced, ventilation is necessary to prevent excessive exposure. Persons who drink alcohol excessively or have Hver, kidney, or heart diseases should be excluded from any exposure to carbon tetrachloride. AH individuals regularly exposed to carbon tetrachloride should receive periodic examinations by a physician acquainted with the occupational hazard involved. These examinations should include special attention to the kidneys and the Hver. There is no known specific antidote for carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Alcohol, oHs, fats, and epinephrine should not be given to any person who has been exposed to carbon tetrachloride. FoHowing exposure, the individual should be kept under observation long enough to permit the physician to determine whether Hver or kidney injury has occurred. Artificial dialysis may be necessary in cases of severe renal faHure. 

There is no proven antidote for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Treatment consists of supportive measures such as evaluating and supporting airway, breathing, and circulation (ATSDR 1994). Sodium nitrite may or may not be an effective antidote, but if proper precautions in administration are observed, intravenous administration of sodium nitrite may help some hydrogen sulfide poisoned persons (Hall 1996 Hall and Rumack 1997). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is controversial, but it may be effective for patients not treated successfully by other measures (ATSDR 1994). 

Mercury poisoning, treatment of, 16 51 Mercury perchlorate, 18 278 Mercury(II) perchlorate, 18 278 Mercury Reduction and Disposal Act of 2001, 16 42, 46... 

Susceptible (S) and Resistant (R) Fish, Some of Which Were Exhibiting Symptoms (s) and Others not Exhibiting Symptoms (a) of Insecticide Poisoning. Treatment Consisted of a 6 hr Exposure to 14c-endrina. 

Lead poisoning Treatment of lead poisoning in children with blood lead levels above 45 mcg/dL. Not indicated for prophylaxis of lead poisoning in a lead-containing environment always accompany succimer use with identification and removal of the source of lead exposure. 

The initial management of a patient with coma, seizures, or otherwise altered mental status should follow the same approach regardless of the poison involved. Attempting to make a specific toxicologic diagnosis only delays the application of supportive measures that form the basis ("ABCDs") of poisoning treatment. 

After a single episode of intoxication with GBL or related drugs, symptoms usually resolve with supportive care within 2-96 hours, provided users get emergency treatment before permanent complications develop. There is no antidote for these poisons. Treatment consists of careful medical observation and supportive therapy until symptoms of toxicity subside. 

Two other measures are commonly taken. Because of profound metabolic acidosis in methanol poisoning, treatment with bicarbonate often is necessary. Since folate-dependent systems are... 

White phosphorus is highly toxic. People have attempted suicide by ingesting matches, fireworks, roach poison, or rat poison containing white phosphorus. Unless emergency poison treatments are applied within 2-3 hours, death is likely. Animal data are consistent with human data after acute oral exposure. Further, a life-threatening condition called phossy jaw has been described following intermediate or chronic occupational exposure to white phosphorus. 

Antimony Potassium Tartrate This drug is not compatible with acids, alkalis, albumin, soap, salts of heavy metals, or tannins. Poisoning with antimony compounds resembles arsenic poisoning. Treatment is similar dimercaprol may be of use in treatment. 

Nagler, J., R.A.Provoost and G.Parizel. 1978. Hydrogen cyanide poisoning Treatment with cobalt EDTA. J. Occup. Med. 20(6) 414-416. 

AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) (2003). Poison treatment in the home. Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Pediatrics 112(5) 1182-5. 

FDA (1985). Poison treatment drug product for over-the-counter human use tentative final monograph. FDA Fed. Register 50 2244-62. 

Rumack, B. H. 1973 Anticholinergic poisoning treatment with physostlgmlne. Pediatrics, 52, 449-451. 

Freestone S, Thomas HM, Bhamra RK, Dyson EH. Severe atenolol poisoning treatment with prenalterol. Hum Toxicol 1986 5(5) 343-5. 

Perkins CM. Serious verapamil poisoning treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate. BMJ 1978 2(6145) 1127. 

Gary NE, Byra WM, Eisinger RP. Carbamazepine poisoning treatment by hemoperfusion. Nephron 1981 27(4-5) 202-3. 

Southgate HJ, Masterson R. Lessons to be learned a case study approach prolonged methaemoglobinaemia due to inadvertent dapsone poisoning treatment with methylene blue and exchange transfusion. J R Soc Health 1999 119(l) 52-5. 

Shumaik GM, Wu AW, and Ping AC (1988) Oleander poisoning treatment with digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments. Annals of Emergency Medicine 17 732-735. 

Treatment of inorganic arsenic poisoning involves decontamination procedures and use of the antidote BAL (British anti-lewisite compound 2,3-dime-rcaptopropanol). Use of demulcent to coat the gastrointestinal tract and the use of antibiotics is also recommended. Organic arsenic poisoning treatment involves only withdrawal of the feed involved, with recovery occurring in 3-5 days. Severely affected pigs should be culled. 

Foster a better understanding of the principles and practice of clinical toxicology in order to prevent poisoning and to promote better care for the poisoned patient, particularly through poison information centers and poison treatment centers. 

Our knowledge of poisoning treatment is derived from case reports, clinical studies, human volunteer studies, animal investigations, and... 

HANDBOOK OF POISONING, Robert H. Dreisbach. 6, 515 pg., paper. An authoritative work on all types of poisonings, treatment, prevention and research relating to same, from carbon monoxide to drugs of abuse to insecticides. Can be checked out of most libraries. 

Atarax and glutamine preparations - in the pharmacological doses. For mescalin poisonings, treatment includes ... 

For semyl poisonings treatment is similar to the lysergic preparations poisonings. 

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