Organophosphorus poisoning treatment

Cherian A.M, Peter JV, Johnson S et al. Effectiveness of P2AM (PAM - Pralidoxime in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) a randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. JAPI 1997 45 22-4. 

O Leary, J.F., Kunkel, A.M., Jones, A.H. 1961. Efficacy and limitations of oxime-atropine treatment of organophosphorus poisoning. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 132 50-56. 

Cholinolytlcs In the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning. IV. The effectiveness of selected cholinolytic drug combinations and oximes In the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning In rodents. DCBRL Report 456. 

Rochu, D., Chabriere, E., Masson, P (2007). Human paraoxonase a promising approach for pre-treatment and therapy of organophosphorus poisoning. Toxicology 233 47-59. 

Koplovitz, I., Menton, R., Matthews, C., Shutz, M., Nalls, C., and Kelly, S., Dose-response effects of atropine and HI-6 treatment of organophosphorus poisoning in guinea pigs, Drug Chem. Toxicol., 18,119-136,1995. 

Briggs, C., and Simons, K., Personal protection against chemical agent development of antidotal treatment for organophosphorus poisoning, Arch. Belg. Med. Soc., 20,260-273,1984. 

Coleman IW, Patton GE and Bannard RA (1968). Cholinolytics in the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning V. The effectiveness of parpanit with oximes in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 46, 109-117. 

The Matsumoto sarin attack occurred on June 27, 1994, one year before the Tokyo subway sarin attack, and although the group responsible for the Matsumoto attack was not known at the time of the Tokyo subway attack, emergency doctors in Japan knew that the diagnosis and treatment of sarin poisoning should follow that of accidental organophosphorus poisoning. 

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) hydrolyses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and yields acetic acid and choline. AchE is a serine hydrolase inhibited by organophosphorus poisons, as well as by carbamates and sulfonyl halides which form a covalent bond to a serine residue in the active site. AchE inhibitors are used in the treatment of various disorders. ... 

Johnson, S., Peter, J.V., Thomas, K., et al, 1996. Evaluation of two treatment regimens of pralidoxime (Igm single bolus dose vs 12gm infusion) in the management of organophosphorus poisoning. J. Assoc. Phys. India 44, 529-531. 

Which of the following is an agent useful in the treatment of severe poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides, such as parathion ... 

Irreversible anticholinesterases include the organophosphorus inhibitors and ambenonium, which irreversibly phosphorylate the esteratic site. Such drugs have few clinical uses but have been developed as insecticides and nerve gases. Besides blocking the muscarinic receptors with atropine sulphate in an attempt to reduce the toxic effects that result from an accumulation of acetylcholine, the only specific treatment for organopho-sphate poisoning would appear to be the administration of 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide, which increases the rate of dissociation of the organophosphate from the esteratic site on the enzyme surface. 

Two factors contribute to the safety of oximes in the treatment of acute poisoning by organophosphorus compounds recommended doses are small, compared with doses likely to cause even mild toxic effects in normal subjects and adverse effects of oximes are reduced in the presence of poisoning by an organophosphorus compound. 

Poisoning by organophosphorus compounds can be treated, and although the acute symptoms can be alleviated, the delayed neuropathy cannot. There are two treatments that may be used, both involving antidotes ... 

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