Poisoning, insecticide

Dean A, Pugh J, Embrey K, et al. 1984. Organophosphate insecticide poisoning among siblings—Mississippi. MMWR 33 592-594. 

ChanJ. 1995. Acute tubular necrosis following endosulfan insecticide poisoning Author s reply. Clin Toxicol 33(4) 377-378. 

Lo RSK, Chan JC, Cockram CS, etal. 1995. Acute tubular necrosis following endosulphan insecticide poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 33(l) 67-69. 

Anderson, J.W. and W. Glowa. 1984. Insecticidal poisoning of honey bees in Connecticut. Environ. Entomol. 13 70-74. 

Schobert, E.E. 1974. Ingested insecticide poisoning in waterfowl. Jour. Zoo Anim. Med. 5 20. 

Frank R, Braun HE, Wilkie I, et al. 1991. A review of insecticide poisonings among domestic livestock in southern Ontario, CanadLI. 19X2-1989. Call Vet J 32 219-226. 

Susceptible (S) and Resistant (R) Fish, Some of Which Were Exhibiting Symptoms (s) and Others not Exhibiting Symptoms (a) of Insecticide Poisoning. Treatment Consisted of a 6 hr Exposure to 14c-endrina. 

All insecticides affected the mobility of . riparius larvae in a similar manner. A normal swimming motion was generally reduced to 1 cycle at the onset of toxic symptoms. The effect of the toxicant increased until the larva lost all ability to move. Death soon followed. Similar symptoms of insecticide poisoning have been reported for stonefly naiads (13, 14). Changes in larval color were unreliable for determining toxic affect. Toxic symptoms were observed in approximately 50-75% of the midge larvae immersed in 20 ug/L aldrin at the end of the 2 hr exposure but no effects were noted with aldrin plus PBO. All larvae immersed in dieldrin, or dieldrin with PBO were moribund. 

Wadia RS, Sadagopan C, Amin RS, et al. 1974. Neurological manifestations of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 37 841-847. 

Still another experimental route to introducing otherwise excluded molecules into the brain is to chemically modify them so that they are lipophilic and therefore can passively diffuse. The brain, just as most other organs and tissues of the body, has enzymes to metabolize or biotransform metabolites in order to use and then get rid of them. Many of these pathways are oxidative. A reduced species or derivative which is lipophilic can enter the brain by simple passive diffusion there to be oxidatively transformed into an active state. Compounds which have been tested in animals include derivatives of 2-PAM (an antidote for organophosphate insecticide poisoning) and phenylethylamine (similar to amphetamine type molecules). Figure 5 illustrates the general concept behind this method. 

Atropine is an "antidote" to poisoning by excessive stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors such as occurs in mucarine and organophosphate insecticide poisoning. 

Farm workers are especially susceptible to organophosphate insecticide poisoning. Unsafe spraying conditions can lead to accumulated toxicity and chronic symptoms. Since there are many enzymes in the body which are in the serine esterase family along with Achase and can complex... 

APPENDIX 18 OBSERVATION OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INSECTICIDE POISONING 539... 

The study of the distribution of a poison, post mortem, presents a complex problem. The estimation of the poison in the blood presents a complex problem due to the putrefactive changes in blood and the minute quantity available for analysis. Distribution of insecticidal poisons from the blood to the tissues and body fluids takes place with some recirculation to the blood(lJ. 

The correct answer = D. The patient is exhibiting signs of cholinergic stimulation. Since he is a farmer, insecticide poisoning is a likely diagnosis. 

Ct9nACh-R (mixed n-m properties R) ACh-competitive blocker (mACh-R antagonist) [anticholinergic, anti-spasmodic, antidote to organophosphorous insecticide poisoning, mydriatic, toxic, vasodilatorv]... 

The usual symptoms of organophosphate insecticide poisoning in mammals are muscular twitching, urination, extreme weakness, salivation, paralysis, diarrhea and, in severe cases, convulsions. The symptoms of carbamate insecticide poisoning in mammals are essentially identical with those of organophosphates. A moderate inhibition (15-36%) of... 

Atropine is the recommended antidote for organophosphate and carbamate insecticide poisoning. It competes with acetylcholine for the active site of the acetylcholine... 

Moore, A., Tabashnik, B.E., and Stark, J.D., Leg autotomy A mechanism of protection against insecticide poisoning in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera Plutellidae), /. Econ. Entomol., 82,1295,1989. 

Ludomirsky, A., Klein, H.O., Sarelli, P., Becker, B., Hoffman, S., Taitelman, U., Barzilai, J., Lang, R., David, D., DiSegni, E., Kaplinsky, E. (1982). Q-T prolongation and polymorphous ( torsade de pointes ) ventricular arrhythmias associated with organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. Am. J. Cardiol. 49 1654-8. 

Luzhnikov, E.A., Savina, A.S., Shepelev, V.M. (1975). On the pathogenesis of cardiac rhythm and conductivity disorders in cases of acute insecticide poisonings. Kardiologiya 15 126-9. 

Wadia, R.S., Sadagopan, C., Amin, R.B., Sardesai, H.V. (1974). Neurological manifestations of organophosphoras insecticide poisoning. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 37 841-7. 

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