Oxygen therapy hyperbaric

Sample Problem 11.15 illustrates the importance of mole firactions and partial pressures in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. 

Think About It Monoplace hyperbaric chambers, which are large enough to accommodate only one person, commonly are pressurized to 2.8 atm with pure O2. 

The Catalina hyperbaric chamber at the University of Southern CaUfomia s Wrigley Marine Science Center treats mostly victims of diving accidents. In one treatment protocol, the chamber is pressurized to 6.0 atm with compressed air and the patient breathes a mixture of gases that is 47 percent O2 by volume. In another protocol, the chamber is pressurized with compressed air to 2.8 atm and the patient breathes pure O2. Determine the partial pressure of O2 in each treatment protocol and compare the results. 

Strategy Because the gas the patient breathes is inside the hyperbaric chamber, its total pressure is the same as the chamber pressure. To obtain the partial pressure of O2, multiply the mole fraction of O2 in the breathing gas in each protocol by the total pressure (Equation 11.16). 

Setup In the first protocol, the breathing gas is 47 percent O2, so the mole fraction of O2 is 0.47. 

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Rusyniak DE, Kirk MA, May JD, Kao LW, Brizendine EJ, Welch JL, Cordell WH, Alonso RJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in acute ischemic stroke results of the hyperbaric oxygen in acute ischemic stroke trial pilot study. Stroke 2003 34 571-574. 

There is no proven antidote for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. Treatment consists of supportive measures such as evaluating and supporting airway, breathing, and circulation (ATSDR 1994). Sodium nitrite may or may not be an effective antidote, but if proper precautions in administration are observed, intravenous administration of sodium nitrite may help some hydrogen sulfide poisoned persons (Hall 1996 Hall and Rumack 1997). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is controversial, but it may be effective for patients not treated successfully by other measures (ATSDR 1994). 

Smilkstein MJ, Bronstein AC, Pickett HM, et al. 1985. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe hydrogen sulfide poisoning. J Emerg Med 3 27-30. 

Oxygen is used for the correction of hypoxia and as a diluent or carrier gas for vapors and gases, primarily anesthetic agents. The use of oxygen at increased pressure is termed hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This therapy is used in diverse conditions such as multiple sclerosis, traumatic spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular accidents, bone graft, fractures, and leprosy. However, there are no available authentic data, as there are no well-controlled clinical trials. 

Thom, S.R., Keim, L.W. (1989). Carbon monoxide poisoning a review. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, and treatment options including hyperbaric oxygen therapy. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 27 141-56. 

Blood gases and serum electrolytes should be monitored and corrected as needed (Hall and Rumack, 1986 Vogel et al, 1981). Blood cyanide levels can confirm exposure, but due to the time needed to get the results, they are not clinically useful. Provide supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as indicated. Animal study results for hyperbaric oxygen therapy have been questionable (Way et al, 1972). Acidosis (pH <7.1) should be corrected with intravenous sodium bicarbonate, but acidosis may not resolve until after the administration of antidotes (Hall and Rumack, 1986). Benzodiazepines or barbiturates can be used to control seizures. 

Tibbies P M, Edelsberg J S1996 Hyperbaric-oxygen therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 334 1642-1648... 

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Committee, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Committee Report, Hampson, NB (ed), Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Kensington, MD, 1999. 

P. M. Tibbies and J. S. Edelsberg Hyperbaric-oxygen therapy. New England... 

A4. Adams, J. F., Ledingham, I. McA., Jackson, J. M., and Smith, G., Combined nitrogen mustard and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in advanced malignant disease. Brit. Med. J. I, 314-315 (1963). 

B2. Richards, V., Pinto, D., and Coombs, P., Considerations and uses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in surgery. Am. J. Surg. 106, 114r-127 (1963). 

Meyer, G.W., Hart, G.B., and Strauss, M.B., Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute smoke inhalation injuries. Postgrad. Med., 89, 221-223, 1991. 

Wang J, Li F, Calhoun JH, Mader JT. The role and effectiveness of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of musculskeletal disorders. J Postgrad Med 2002 48 226-231. 

Green MO, Brannen AL. 1995. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Beta-radiation - induced scleral necrosis. Ophthalmology 102(7) 1038-1041. 

Interestingly, fever and flu-like symptoms may accompany a triggering of the immune system, as the body attempts to fight off the invader or the aberration, for example, the chills and fever that accompany an attack by the malaria parasite. This regimen is a feature of hyperthermia, the therapy that involves raismg the body temperature in the attempt to counter infections, even cancer. And in turn there is hyperbaric oxygen therapy, etc. A question is, as always, are the benefits, if any, temporary or permanent )... 

In this regard, a number of specialized research centers are slated to address and participate in discussions on these issues, and include the following the Johns Hopkins Center for Cancer Complementary Medicine the Specialized Center of Research in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy at the University of Pennsylvania the Botanical Center for Age-Related Diseases at Purdue University and the UCLA Center for Dietary Supplement Research on Botanicals. These are in addition to other well-known cancer research and treatment centers located around the country, such as the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, etc. 

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