ElecUical conductivity

The oxide solid elecU olytes have elecuical conductivities ranging from lO Q cm to 10 cm at 1000°C and these can be converted into diffusion coefficient data, D, for die oxygen ions by the use of the Nernst-Einstein relation... 

W. H. Butler, X.-G. Zhang, D. M. C. Nicholson, T. C. Schulthess, and J. M. MacLaren, First Principles Calculations of Elecuical Conductivity and Giant Magnetoresistance of ColCulCo Spin Valves ,... 

Impure copper can be purified by electrolysis (see Section 20.2). After silver, which is too expensive for large-scale use, copper has the highest elecuical conductivity. It is also a good thermal conductor. Copper is used in alloys, elecuical cables, plumbing (pipes), and coins. 

Leonesi D, Cingolani A, Franzosini P (1973) ElecUic conductivity of sodium-potassium acetates molten system. J Chem Eng Data 18 391-393... 

In most metals the electron behaves as a particle having approximately the same mass as the electron in free space. In the Group IV semiconductors, dris is usually not the case, and the effective mass of electrons can be substantially different from that of the electron in free space. The electronic sUmcture of Si and Ge utilizes hybrid orbitals for all of the valence elecU ons and all electron spins are paired within this structure. Electrons may be drermally separated from the elecU on population in dris bond structure, which is given the name the valence band, and become conduction elecU ons, creating at dre same time... 

It is because these exU insic elecU ons can so readily be activated thermally to the conduction band, tlrat great care must be taken in producing the elemental semiconductors to a high state of purity, by such processes as zone refining. 

Figure 15. HPLC conductivity detector [31J a) Connection lo column b) Platinum capillary c) Elecuical connection d) Polytetrafluoroethylene capillary e) Polytet-rafluoroelhylene f) Electrical connection g) Plastic delector housing h) Stainless steel capillary Measurement is performed between (b) and (h)...

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