Jute fibers

Jute. Jute fiber is obtained from two herbaceous aimual plants, Corchorus capsularis (linden family, TiUaceae) originating from Asia, and C. olitorius originating from Africa. The former has a round seed pod, and the latter a long pod. Jute is grown mainly in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Nepal, and Bra2il. 

Textile. Textile bags are made from natural fibers such as cotton and burlap (see Fibers, vegetable). Burlap or Hessian cloth is woven from jute fibers. Because the supply of jute and, consequendy, its price have been uncertain for many years, textile bags gradually have been replaced by various combinations of textile components with plastic or paper, multiwaH paper bags, or plastic bags (see Textiles). 

Jute-faden, m. jute fiber jute twine, -faser, /, jute fiber, -leinwand,/. gunny cloth, gunny, -stoff, m. jute cloth, jute material. 

Figure 15 Loss of humidity during drying of jute fibers as dependent on the temperature in the vacuum stove [12].

Tests by Roe et al. [63] with unidirectional jute fiber-reinforced UP resins show a linear relationship (analogous to the linear mixing rule) between the volume content of fiber and Young s modulus and tensile strength of the composite over a range of fiber content of 0-60%. Similar results are attained for the work of fracture and for the interlaminate shear strength (Fig. 20). Chawla et al. [64] found similar results for the flexural properties of jute fiber-UP composites. 

Figure 20 Influence of fiber content by volume on tensile strength. Youngs modulus, work of fracture, and interlaminate shear strength of one-dimensional jute fiber-reinforced UP resins [63].

Figure 21 Compression strength as dependent on the content of GRP in jute fiber-reinforced hybrid-composites [67J.

Preparation of Other Antigenic Materials. Cotton plant tissues (stem, leaf, burr), cotton gin trash, baled cotton, clean cotton lint, both hand picked in the field and from plants grown in the greenhouse, cottonseed proteins, cottonseed hulls, house dust, and flax, soft hemp, sisal, and jute fibers, were extracted with deionized water. The purification process was, however, stopped to correspond to f-3 (see Figure 1). 

Gokhale et al. (11) studied the application of a yeast cellulase-free xylanase in agrowaste materials, such as bleached bagasse pulp, jute fiber, and corncob powder. The best result was achieved using bleached bagasse pulp with a degree of hydrolysis of 19.4%. 

Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate onto KPM Rayon and Jute Fiber... 

Substrate and its Preparation. The substrate used for grafting purpose were jute fiber (defatted and bleached) and KPM rayon yarn. Jute fiber under investigation was of Corchorus Capsularis variety. It was arbitrarily divided into three portions. The middle portion was chosen for the purpose of study. 

Defatted jute was prepared by treating it with alcohol-benzene (1 2v/v) mixture in a Soxhlet apparatus, washed well with alcohol and air dried. Bleaching of jute fiber was carried out with 0.7% sodium chlorite following a special method (17) KPM rayon sample was prepared by treating it with dilute soap solution, washed well and dried. 

Grafting Procedure and Calculation of Percent Grafting. Graft copolymerisation treatment of KPM rayon yarn and jute fiber were carried out in a well stoppered, Erlenmeyar flask. Fifty millimeter CAS solution of known concentration was kept at a desired temperature. One millimeter MMA was added following immediately by 1.0 gm of KPM rayon yarn, after which the contents were stirred intermittently. After the end of the reaction, the flask were removed from the thermostat and methanol was immediately added. 

The mixture was then poured into a Buchner funnel and suction applied. The homopolymer in the filtrate was separated from the solution by filtering through previously weighed sintered crucible (G- 3). It was washed repeatedly with hot water and dried at 60°C. The grafted fiber on the funnel was extracted with acetone for 10-12 hours in a soxhlet apparatus. Similar procedure was also adopted for jute fiber. 

Table - I. Effect of grafting on the tensile properties of MMA grafted KPM rayon and jute fiber. Continued on next page.

Dessicator atmosphere conditioned at R.H. of 75% and a temperature of 26°C. Twist/cm (jute fiber) = 1. Lignin content of bleached jute = 10%. 

Tensile properties of MMA grafted KPM rayon and jute fiber. 

As far as the stiffness is concerned, grafting has an appreciable influence on the stiffness of both KPM rayon and defatted jute fiber. However for bleached jute, the stiffness has been found to decrease. The results have been shown in Tables 1 and 2 and graphically represented in Figure 3 which represents three different relation patterns for three different kinds of samples. 

Heyn, A. N. J. (1966). The microcrystalline structure of cellulose in cell walls of cotton, ramie, and jute fibers as revealed by negative staining of sections./. Cell. Biol. 29 181-197. 

Jeanite liquid fuel from fermentation of molasses, IV, 32 Jute, xylan percentage in, V, 270 Jute fibers, diffraction pattern, V, 104... 

Jute fibers are separated from the woody part of the stem by a process called retting. The process involves laying bundles of stems flat in water, side by side, to form a platform. The platform is then covered first with weeds and then with heavy logs to keep the bundles submerged in the water. The period of retting varies with the water t5T e and temperature. The fiber strands are then removed, manually, from the stems. They are cleaned by spreading on the water surface, squeezed to remove the excess water and hung on frames to dry in the sun for 2-3 days. The dried jute fibers are then tied in bundles and packed for shipment. 

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