Working platforms

API (2000, 2002), RP 2A, Recommended Practice for Plarming, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design, 21 ed. and subsequent updates, American Petroleum Institute Publication, Dallas, TX. 

In this section, various existing state-of-art organ-on-a-chip platforms are introduced to show the feasibility and potential of the system for biomedical applications. In the sub-sections, which include lung-on-a-chip, heart-on-a-chip, liver-on-a-chip, vessel-on-a-chip, and tumor-on-a-chip platforms, working principles and device structures are discussed. 

Jack-up platform working in exposed wave conditions in Sennen Cove (courtesy Seacore)... 

Employees miist never use makeshift devices, such as boxes and barrels, to increase the scaffold platform working level height. Ladders may be iised on large area scaffolds to increase working height providing certain OSHA criteria is met. 

This presentation CD ROM contains a multimedia col lection of visual resources allowing instructors to use art work from the text m multiple formats to create cus tomized classroom presentations visually based tests and quizzes dynamic course website content or attractive printed support materials The Digital Content Manager IS a cross platform CD containing an image library a ta bles library and a PowerPoint presentation... 

Vents and flares are intended to take contaminants released from safety valves away from work areas. However, if an elevated vent is at the level of an occupiable platform on the same or an adjacent unit, a worker may, under certain wind conditions, be subject to the nearly undiluted effluent of a vent. Whereas such elevated platforms may rarely be occupied, a heavy exposure from a vent could incapacitate a worker or cause a fall. Tanks that vent only when being filled are common causes of this concern. The usual solution is to raise the vent above any occupiable platform or, at greater cost, to scmb the vent effluent. 

The valve cannot control if it is at either end of its travel. To ensure controUabiflty, a valve is generally chosen in such a way that at the maximum design flow rate the flow coefficient required is no more than 85% of the wide-open valve flow coefficient, and at the minimum anticipated flow rate requiring control, a flow coefficient of about 10% of the wide-open valve flow coefficient is required. Whenever practical, control valves are located at grade or at platforms, to assure adequate working space for servicing. 

Computer platforms where 1 represents IBM PCs and compatibles, 386 or better 2, Unix-based work stations (or equivalent) including HP/ApoUo, SUN, and IBM RS6000 3, DEC VMS 4, IBM mainframe, MVS or VM, or compatible and 5, others including Cray, Data Gen., etc. 

The distance between the structure and fixed impressed current anodes is an important factor. The number of anodes has to be small so the anodes need to be relatively large, which will result in too negative a potential if the distance is not sufficiently great. A minimum distance of 1.5 m is prescribed [1-3], but this involves considerable construction effort due to the effects of heavy seas. Besides the so-called restriction on impressed current installations, there is the requirement that the corrosion protection be switched off when diving work is being carried out [14]. This regulation is not justifiable. Work on the underwater region of production platforms takes place continuously, as far as the weather allows if the protection must be switched off each time, the impressed current protection becomes very limited. 

PR valves in toxic vapor services where discharge to the atmosphere would result in the calculated concentration at the property line or at any working area (either at grade or an elevated platform) exceeding the Threshold Limit Value (TLV). 

In Figure 9-11 two workers in level D proteetion are pietured overseeing work aetivity on a platform. One appears to be a supervisor, the other a worker. Both are wearing level D, but the whole body proteetion and hand and head proteetion are different. 

Work platform A platform provided around a plant item for safe maintenance of the unit. 

The most important hardware items appeared to be the detectors themselves. The gas detection system gave frequent spurious alarms, and on both platforms the ultraviolet (UV) fire detectors were also prone to spurious activation from distant hot work for example, and had a limited ability to detect real fires. The tmreliability of these systems had a general effect on response time and would, overall, lengthen the time to respond. The second aspect which was related to hardware was fimction and performance testing of the emergency blowdown systems. It is critical that the workers believe the systems will work when required, and this can only be achieved by occasional use or at least fimction testing. 

Ipatieff never received the honor he coveted the most, the Nobel Prize. However, he continued to publish voluminously and, ever the practical scientist, he obtained numerous patents. He continued to receive honors in the United States and internationally. He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences and received the prestigious Gibbs medal for his many achievements. Ipatieff lived long enough to see the petroleum industry transformed with process technologies that he created and that were rooted in his early scientific research. The first platforming plant, the cuhniiiation of his life s work in catalytic research, came on line just shortly before his death in 1952. 

Pipe lean The angle between the vertical and a typical stand of pipie with the setback. Racking platform A platform located at a distance above the working floor for laterally supporting the upper end of racked pipe. 

Rod board A platform located at a distance above the working floor for supporting rods. 

These materials are now widely used for coating both steel and concrete surfaces that are subject to a particularly aggressive environment (e.g. North Sea oil platforms). There is less validity for their use under normal atmospheric conditions since they are relatively expensive and tend to chalk on exposure to sunlight. However, their use as zinc phosphate, pretreatment or blast primers for blast-cleaned steel which is subsequently overcoated by any other paint system is an extremely valuable contribution to the painting of new steel work. 

Forkdift drivers need to be skilled, experienced, and safetyconscious, since the misplacement of a pallet on a high stack can present a serious hazard. They work in well-insulated protective clothing and in short spells within a shift if the room is much below 0°C. Fork-lift trucks are available with enclosed, heated driver s cabs. Extra staff are required if the traffic is constant. Targe stores will have a wide loading platform outside at floor level to permit fork-lift trucks to manoeuvre their loads onto vehicles. 

---