Plastics Resource

The Canadian Plastics Industry Association (CPIA) is dedicated to the responsible use and recovery of plastics resources. 

American Plastics Council, http //www.americanplasticscouncil.org http //www.plastics-resource.comhttp //plasticrecycling.org EPA website... 

Plastics Resource This site, a service of the American Plastics Council, contains extensive information on plastics and the environment. http //www.plasticsre-... 

Corbiere-Nicollier, T., Gfeller Laban, B., Lundquist, L., Leterrier, Y., Manson, J.A.E., Jolliet, O., 2001. Life cycle assessment of bioflbres replacing glass fibres as reinforcement in plastics. Resources Conservation and Recychng 33, 267—287. 

R. G. Hunt, LCA considerations of solid waste management alternatives for paper and plastics, Resources, Conservation and recycling, 14 (1995)., pp 225-231... 

Altland, B. L., Cox, D., Beckerman, E. J. (1995) Optimization of the high pressure, near-critical liquid - based microsortation of recyclable post - consumer plastics. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 15, pp. 203-217... 

Hottenstein, E. and G. Kenny, Sensing Changes When Sorting Plastics, Resource Recycling, May 2000, pp. 20-23. 

Scott, G. (1976) Some chemical problems in the recycling of plastics. Resource Recovery and Conservation, 1, 381 Scott, G. (1978) Effects of processing on the photooxidation of polymers. Polym, Plast. Tech. Eng., 11,1. 

In addition, on the basis of analogous specimens, the accumulation of damage and plastic deformation of metal structure were simulated. These results provide the possibility to obtain the prediction charts of the metal work s residual resource. 

Plaspec Material Selection Database Data Resources, Inc. Dialog, STN detailed engineering and design data, chemical descriptions, and trade names for over 11,500 grades of plastics materials... 

J. Milgrom, Outlook for Plastics Regcling in the Ended States Decision Resources, Inc., 1993, pp. IS—21. 

Polyesters are known to be produced by many bacteria as intracellular reserve materials for use as a food source during periods of environmental stress. They have received a great deal of attention since the 1970s because they are biodegradable, can be processed as plastic materials, are produced from renewable resources, and can be produced by many bacteria in a range of compositions. The thermoplastic polymers have properties that vary from soft elastomers to rigid brittie plastics in accordance with the stmcture of the pendent side-chain of the polyester. The general stmcture of this class of compounds is shown by (3), where R = CH3, n = >100, and m = 0-8. 

A rather impressive Hst of materials and products are made from renewable resources. For example, per capita consumption of wood is twice that of all metals combined. The ceUulosic fibers, rayon and cellulose acetate, are among the oldest and stiU relatively popular textile fibers and plastics. Soy and other oilseeds, including the cereals, are refined into important commodities such as starch, protein, oil, and their derivatives. The naval stores, turpentine, pine oil, and resin, are stiU important although their sources are changing from the traditional gum and pine stumps to tall oil recovered from pulping. 

This section was written for the fourth edition published in 1982 at a time when there had just been a further sharp increase in the price of petroleum. At the time I was optimistic about the future for plastics, although I did not anticipate the slump in oil prices that has taken place since then. Oil remains a finite resource and sooner or later prices wilt rise again. Apart from changing one word and inserting one other for technical reasons, I see no reason to otherwise change what I wrote then. 

An Internet magazine featuring an extensive index of plastic industiy Web sites technology and business content and online resources for plastic professionals. 

Because of low prices and steadily rising performance on the part of technical and standard plastics, the application of natural fibers came to a near halt. The current critical discussion about preservation of natural resources and recycling led to a reflection about natural materials, the focus centuring on regrowing raw materials [2]. 

One of the problems that face our civilization is the fact that the pressure on natural resources is reported to be hindering progress. Periodically an energy crisis exists that has led to a so-called materials crisis in plastics and even other materials such as cellulose papers. Petroleum is currently the major source of raw materials for most high volume plastics. 

Petroleum is currently the major source of raw materials for most high volume polymers. Also used are gas and substitute resources such as coal that are supposedly in limited supply (although our government reports we have enough coal for the next 250 years that includes its growth expansion in use during that period), and it may well be that another approach to the problem is required. An example is different raw material sources to produce plastics that involve biotechnology (186). 

Here are examples in the selection of the many resources available to the plastics designer and other plastics users also review references 3, 6, 10,14, 20, 29, 31, 36, 37, 39, 43 to 125. 

Special mention must be made of poly(lactic acid), a biodegradable/bio-resorbable polyester, obtained from renewable resources through fermentation of com starch sugar. This polymer can compete with conventional thermoplastics such as PET for conventional textile fibers or engineering plastics applications. Hie first Dow-Cargill PLA manufacturing facility is scheduled to produce up to 140,000 tons of Nature Works PLA per year beginning in 200245 at an estimated price close to that of other thermoplastic resins U.S. l/kg.46 Other plants are planned to be built in the near future.45... 

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