Plasma Plasminogen

Plasminogen is inherited as two codominant autosomal alleles. Fetal synthesis and the absence of transplacental passage have been demonstrated. In newborns there is a decrease in both plasma plasminogen concentration, and functional plasminogen activity, suggestive of a fetal dysfunctional plasminogen molecule. Several hereditary dysfunctional molecules have been described in adults with recurrent thromboembolic disease. The defects in these molecules include abnormal active sites, impaired activator binding, and defective activation. 

A patient in the coronary care unit has been receiving warfarin for 2 weeks. As a result of this therapy, the patient will probably have (A) Reduced plasma factor 11 activity Reduced plasma factor Vlll activity Reduced plasma plasminogen activity Increased tissue plasminogen activator Increased platelet adenosine stores... 

Desialylation of both major forms of rabbit-plasma plasminogen resulted in the abolition of charge differences, whereas the binding to anti-fibrinolytic amino-acids e.g. -aminocaproic acid) appeared to be unaffected. The metabolic survival times of the desialylated materials did not differ greatly, but were appreciably lower than normal. These observations suggest that charge differences between the two forms of plasminogen are incidental to differences in their functions. 

Urokinase decreases the plasma plasminogen concentration and the proportion and concentration of high molecular weight fibrinogen complexes (3 ). Like streptokinase, urokinase may cause temperature elevation (25 ). 

Cryoprecipitate Fresh-frozen plasma Autoplex-T VIIFC VIIFvWFAg Fibrinogen Plasminogen Factor XIII all coagulation factors, r VIIFC 11 a, Vila, IXa, Xa DH American Red Cross American Red Cross Hyland, Immuno... 

For plasminogen-deficient fibrinogen from blood plasma, the anticoagulated blood was centrifuged and the plasma was frozen and washed with saline solution. Treated with charcoal and freeze-thawed. Dialysed versus Tris/NaCl buffer. [Maxwell and Nikel Biochem Prep 12 16 1968.]... 

Thrombin (from bovine blood plasma) [9002-04-4] Mj 32,600 [EC 3.4.4.13]. Purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, while eluting with O.IM NaCl, pH 7.0, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Final preparation was free from plasminogen and plasmin. [Yin and Wessler J Biol Chem 243 112 796S.]... 

Loscalzo J, Vaughan DE. Tissue plasminogen activator promotes platelet disaggregation in plasma. J Clin Invest. 1987 79 1749-1755. 

Recent applications of HPAEC-PAD are many and varied. A representative list includes quantitation of polyglucose metabolites in plasma of dialysis patients,148 analysis of heat-treated milk,149 carbohydrate content in lipopolysaccharides,150 phosphorylated sugars in tissue samples,151 composition of soybean meal,152 carbohydrate composition of recombinant modified tissue plasminogen activator,153 analysis of cyclization products from an enzyme reaction,154 carbohydrate content of glycoconjugate vaccines,155 and monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.156... 

The fibrinolytic activity of scu-PA is more efficient than that of either LMW-UK or HMW-UK. Apparently, fibrin within a clot neutralizes an inhibitor in plasma that normally hinders binding of scu-PA to plasminogen, thereby facilitating binding of scu-PA to Glu-plasminogen and its resultant activation (37, 38). A cell surface receptor for scu-PA has been implicated in the activation of plasminogen and the internalization and degradation of u-PA complexed to inhibitors (39). 

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is present in human placenta and monocytes (37, 42). The single-chain inhibitor molecule (sPAI-2) inhibits both two-chain u-PA and two-chain t-PA. Its inhibition is 10 times greater for two-chain u-PA compared with two-chain t-PA and it inhibits single-chain t-PA only minimally (37). Plasma concentrations of PAI-2 up to 2 p,M have been observed in the third trimester of pregnancy (42). 

Some physiological variables influence the measurement of fibrinolytic activators and inhibitors. For instance, both t-PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels in plasma are subject to diurnal variation in a 12-hour period. Even in samples taken at the same time of day the coefficient of variation (CV) of measured PAI levels range from 8 to 143% To account for this diurnal variation, blood samples spaced over several time intervals during a 24-hour period should be collected. Consumption of alcohol induces the PAI level in plasma. The half-life of t-PA is 360 seconds. However, in the presence of trauma or inflammation, when the PAI-1 level is expected to be elevated 10-fold, the half-life of t-PA is reduced to 36 seconds (114). 

Heeb M. J., Espana F Geiger M. Immunological identity of heparin-dependent plasma and urinary protein C inhibitor and plasminogen activator inhibitor 3. J Biol Chem 1987 262,15813-6. 

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