Plaque forming cells

Shek, P.N., and Sabiston, B.H. (1982a) Immune response mediated by liposome-associated protein antigens. I. Potentiation of the plaque-forming cell response. Immunology 45, 349. 

Temple, L. et al., Comparison of ELISA and plaque-forming cell assays for measuring the humoral immune response to SRBC in rats and mice treated with benzo[a]pyrene or cyclophosphamide, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 21, 412, 1993. 

In rodents, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) are routinely used for immunization. The antibody response is determined using the plaque forming cells assay (PFC) or by plasma SRBC-specific antibody titer [21, 22], As an alternative to SRBC, other T-cell-dependent antigen may be used, including keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), tetanus toxoid (TT), or pneumococcal antigen. 

Wilson, S.D., Munson, A.E. and Meade, B.J., Assessment of the functional integrity of the humoral immune response the plaque-forming cell assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Methods, 19, 3, 1999. 

Humoral immunity Plaque forming cell assay Rosette formation, AMP poreforming activity... 

Immunosuppressive effects have been obtained in vitro with mercuric chloride. A marked inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in mice as well as PFC (plaque forming cell) response to SRBC (sheep red blood cells) by mercuric chloride [166] has been reported. Chronic exposure to mercury of rabbits gave immunosuppression, measured as low antibody titres to viral agents [167], A suppression of antibody production in chickens exposed to mercuric chloride has also been reported [168]. Furthermore, an inhibition of mitogenic response to PHA in lymphocytes by mercuric chloride has been obtained [169],... 

Organ weights (spleen, thymus, all animals) Immunotoxicity tests (1) functional tests (either a splenic plaque-forming cell (PEC) assay or an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine the response to antigen administration) (2) enumeration of splenic or peripheral blood total B cells, total T cells, and T-cell subpopulations Detailed clinical observations Functional observations (sensory reactivity to stimuli of different types, grip strength, motor activity, more specialized tests on indication)... 

Protein-deficient mice, although responding normally to phytohemagglutinin, were still able to reject skin autografts more rapidly than normally nourished controls which showed striking depression of antibody synthesis to sheep red blood cells (J7). Similarly malnourished rats which had marked suppression of plaque-forming cells and rosetteforming cells showed no difference in skin transplant rejection from their well fed controls (M18). 

Antibody-mediated immunity IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to T cell-dependent... 

Surprisingly, no difference in immune function as measured by spleen cell counts, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation responses to mitogens, and in vitro and in vivo plaque-forming cell responses to antigens was observed (30). However, human studies have shown changes in natural killer cell activity after TSD and during RS (31,32). 

Davis D, Safe S. 1991. Halogenated aryl hydrocarbon-induced suppression of the in vitro plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells is not dependent on the Ah receptor. Immunopharmacology 21 183-190. 

Chien, C.C., Lieberman, R., and Inman, J.K., Preparation of functionalized derivatives of inulin conjugation of erythrocytes for hemagglutination and plaque-forming cell assays, J. Immunol. Methods, 26, 39-46, 1979. 

Mouse Inhalation 20 ppm 48 h Decreased splenic and thymic weights, cellularity, plaque forming cell response, and hemagglutins, and decreased body weight.. Azoulay Dupuis et a . 1985... 

Immunotoxicity of PCDE has been studied in rat and mice [82,88,89], Chu et al. [82] reported that PCDE 184 is immunosuppressive in rats. Immunotoxicity of PCDEs has also been reported in mice [88, 89]. Immunotoxicity of PCDEs correlated with enzyme induction activities in the study of Howie et al. [88], who measured the dose-response suppression of the splenic plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells in Ah-responsive C57BL/6 mice. Immunotoxicity of PCDEs was concluded to be mediated by the Ah-receptor. Of eight PCDE congeners tested, only PCDE 167, did not cause dose-response immunosuppressive effects. PCDEs were >200 times less immunotoxic than 2,3,7,8-TCDD. In contrast to PCBs, non-ortho congeners PCDEs 77 and 126 were less potent than mono-ortho-congeners PCDEs 118 and 156. The potencies followed the order PCDE 156 > PCDE 126 > PCDE 118 > PCDE 77 > PCDE 101>PCDE 153 > PCDE 154. Of PCBs, only non- and mono-orfho-coplanar congeners are immunotoxic [79]. 

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