Plants commercial importance

Trimethylamine, CjH N, (CH3J3N. Colourless liquid with a strong fishy odour, miscible with water, m.p. — I24 C, b.p. 3-5°C. It occurs naturally in plants, herring brine, bone oil and urine. It reacts with hydrogen peroxide to give trimethylamine oxide and with ethylene oxide to give choline its commercial importance stems chiefly from this latter reaction. 

Vegetable fibers are classified according to their source ia plants as follows (/) the bast or stem fibers, which form the fibrous bundles ia the inner bark (phloem or bast) of the plant stems, are often referred to as soft fibers for textile use (2) the leaf fibers, which mn lengthwise through the leaves of monocotyledonous plants, are also referred to as hard fibers and (J) the seed-hair fibers, the source of cotton (qv), are the most important vegetable fiber. There are over 250,000 species of higher plants however, only a very limited number of species have been exploited for commercial uses (less than 0.1%). The commercially important fibers are given ia Table 1 (1,2). 

The seeds and fmits of plants are often attached to hairs or fibers or encased ia a husk that may be fibrous. These fibers are ceUulosic based and of commercial importance, especially cotton (qv), the most important natural textile fiber. 

The compounding technique for latex differs from that of dry mbber and is fundamentally simpler. A critical factor of colloidal stabiUty makes necessary that each ingredient is of optimum particle size, pH, and concentration when added as an aqueous dispersion to the latex. Rubber latex is a colloidal aqueous emulsion of an elastomer and natural mbber latex is the milky exudation of certain trees and plants that of greatest commercial importance is the... 

Dlterpenes. Diterpenes contain 20 carbon atoms. The resin acids and Vitamin A are the most commercially important group of diterpenes. GibbereUic acid [77-06-5] (110), produced commercially by fermentation processes, is used as a growth promoter for plants, especially seedlings. 

By far the greatest emphasis in the research and application of microbial antibiotics has been concerned with animal and human health. Despite the extent of the problems relating to plant disease, the practical use of antimicrobial antibiotics in plant agriculture has been limited to a few crops and compounds Only streptomycin and actidione (XI) at present enjoy commercial importance. This may be due in part to the wider applicability of the less expensive synthetic fungicides and in part to the difficulty of arousing much public sympathy for a sick plant. 

A genus of trees yielding a good type of natural rubber, of little commercial importance nowadays. The Ficus elastica is the well-known ornamental rubber plant. 

RP-HPLC has been applied for the determination of betalain pigments in various plants too. The researches were motivated by the commercial importance of betalain pigments as natural food colourants. An RP-HPLC method was developed for the measurement of betalain pigments in prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruits. 

Practically all the coffee planted commercially comes from seed, except in the rather limited Robusta-growing region of Java where grafted plants are used. Coffee seeds are planted in seedbeds and are treated in about the same way all over the tropics. The mature and apparently healthy fruits are selected and the seeds are pressed out, washed and dried in the shade, and planted rather soon, because coffee seed viability is lost within a comparatively short while. Handled in this manner, the chances are lessened that coffee diseases will be carried by seeds. However, it has been proved experimentally that infected plants can be produced from seeds contaminated with both the coffee Colletotrichum and the coffee Cercospora from either field material or artificial inoculation. This contamination is probably not uncommon in plantation practice and thus far it is not of extreme importance. The Hemileia rust is probably not carried on the seed (93). The American leaf spot is not carried on seed (97). 

The classical techniques for the solvent extraction of chemical compounds from vegetable material are based upon the correct choice of solvent and conditions e. g. heating or agitation. A range of commercially important pharmaceuticals, flavours and colourants are now derived from vegetable sources. It has been shown that the solvent extraction of organic compounds contained within the body of plants and seeds is significantly improved by the use of power ultrasound [25]. 

A. thaliam is a favorite experimental organism of plant biologists. The genome for the commercially important rice plant, Oryza sativa, is also complete. It contains about 400 million base pairs. 

Fourthly, ecological and economic issues have proved important factors in selection of species for genomic sequencing. The weed Arabidopsis is not only an important experimental species for plant biologists but also plants in general are of enormous importance to us. Getting the rice, Oryza, genome was driven by the commercial importance of this plant as a key component of the human diet. 

Liquid-liquid extraction provides one of the easiest methods for the separation of these commercially important elements. It is more convenient than ion exchange, allowing both semicontinuous operation and the use of more concentrated feed solutions. However, the large number of mixer-settlers required imposes a considerable capital investment in the plant, and their use in the reflux mode entails that some elements are locked into the process for long periods, which also has economic implications. Therefore, flow sheets are developed to provide elements with a ready market at the earliest opportunity, leaving the remaining elements as intermediates for separation at a later stage or for sale as mixed lanthanides. 

Dichlorobenzene has also been shown to be accumulated by terrestrial plants (Wang et al. 1996). No data were located on biomagnification of 1,4-dichlorobenzene through terrestrial or aquatic food chains. Additional information on bioconcentration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene by commercially important fish, shellfish, and plant species and biomagnification would be helpful in evaluating the potential importance of food chain bioaccumulation to human exposure. 

Although there is little information on 1,4-dichlorobenzene levels in food (lARC 1982 Oliver and Niimi 1983 Page and Lacroix 1995), it does not appear that this is an important source of human exposure. However, additional data on 1,4-dichlorobenzene levels in foodstuffs, especially commercially important fish, shellfish, and plants, would be useful to confirm this assumption. 

Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of linear 1,4-/ -D-anhydroglucopyra-nose chains laterally associated by hydrogen bonds, is the most abundant and commercially important plant cell wall polymer (1). Consequently, cellulose is also one of the most thoroughly investigated plant cell wall polymers. However, it is enigmatic in the sense that significant elements of cellulose physical structure and the mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis still are not well understood. Since these subjects have been reviewed recently (2-10), this review will update topics covered previously and provide a new analysis of selected topics of contemporary interest. 

Eucalyptus oils are produced from plants belonging to the genus Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), which includes ca. 500 species in Australia, the country of origin, alone. Correct botanical classification was possible only by determining the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves. At present, few of these oils are commercially important. 

The Insect community feeding on cruciferous crops has been widely studied over a long period of time. The reason for this Interest stems not only from the commercial Importance of these crops, but also from the fact that much Is known about the chemistry of the Insect-plant relationships. Furthermore, at least two of the major chemicals Involved are commercially available. 

Papaya is a native fruit from America and is widely planted throughout the tropics [41], and is a crop of economic importance to tropical countries [11]. It has become a commercially important fresh fruit crop, particularly in the USA and Europe [51]. Papaya possesses a characteristic aroma, which is due to several volatile components, such as alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and sulfur compounds [11]. 

Why is the plant growth regulator market the least commercially important of the four major pesticide groups ... 

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