Plant biosynthesis

Rebeille, F. et al.. Folates in plants biosynthesis, distribution and enhancement, Physiol. Plant, 126, 330, 2006. 

Detritiation of cooling water in nuclear power plants. Biosynthesis of chemicals labelled with D or T. 

Scheme 233 Formation of aliphatic flavour aldehydes and alcohols, a Biotechnological reaction sequence mimicking plant biosynthesis of C6 compounds (green notes ), b HomologoiK reaction sequence in fimgi leading to mushroom-like C8 compounds. The stoichiometric formation of w-oxo-carboxylic acids during hydroperoxide lyase cleavage is not depicted...

Only one class of benzofuran derivative, natural or synthetic, shows this property—the furocoumarins-, these are important for plant biosynthesis, since they take part in the elaboration of chlorophyll.308 13 Among linear furocoumarins, psoralene (27a) is particularly active. Angelicin (28), another fundamental furocoumarin heterocycle with an angular structure, has only about 12% of the photosensitizing activity of 27a.74-75 On the other hand, it has antibiotic activity. Furochromones have no photosensitizing properties. 

In plants, biosynthesis and exudation of allelochemicals follows developmental, diurnal, and abiotic/biotic stress-dependent dynamics. Compounds from 14 different chemical classes have been linked to allelopathic interactions, including several simple phenolic acids (e.g., benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids) and flavonoids [Rice, 1984 Macias et al., 2007]. The existence of several soil biophysical processes that can reduce the effective concentration and bioactivity of these compounds casts doubts on their actual relevance in allelopathic interactions [Olofsdotter et al., 2002]. However, there are well-documented examples of phenylpropanoid-mediated incompatible interactions among plants. Several Gramineae mediate allelopathic interactions by means of... 

A -Piperideine (17) has been shown to be a precursor of quinolizidine alkaloids in whole plants (cf. Vol. 8, p. 3). However, neither it nor its self-condensation products could be detected as products in the enzymic reaction. [This conclusion is not completely unambiguous, albeit reasonably safe, because the products of the reaction of diamine oxidase, the first of which is (17), were simply compared with those of the alkaloid synthase reaction by g.l.c., and the products of the two reactions were found to be different].11 It seems likely at this stage that (17) is not normally implicated in quinolizidine biosynthesis but can be substituted for an enzyme-generated intermediate via its open form (32) (see Scheme 5). Since no intermediates earlier than (27) could be detected, it is suggested that biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo proceeds by a series of enzyme-linked intermediates (see Scheme 5), none of which is desorbed from the enzyme or enzyme-complex until (27) is liberated. However, in some plants, biosynthesis must stop with the liberation of a compound (31), having the lupinine skeleton... 

SMIRNOFF, N., WHEELER, G.L., Ascorbic acid in plants biosynthesis and function, Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2000,35,291-314. 

The benzylisoquinolines represent one of the largest group of plant alkaloids (146,147), and catecholic representatives occur in mammalian tissues and fluids. The best known is tetrahydropapaveroline, shown in Fig. 22 as the (5) enantiomer TIQ 75a. Racemic material is often referred to as THP (160,161). The synthesis of TIQ 75a as well as that of the plant alkaloid (5)-N -bisnorreticuline (77a) is shown in Fig. 22. (5)-Tetrahydropapaverine (74a), on treatment with concentrated hydroiodic acid at 125 C, afforded TIQ 75a, which was fully characterized as its hydrochloride (156). TIQ 77a, possibly an intermediate in the plant biosynthesis of (5)-norreticuline (78a) and derived TIQs, and possibly mammalian morphine as well, was prepared from the benzyl-protected TIQ 76a. Deblocking was achieved over Pd catalyst and hydrogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid, leading directly to the hydrochloride salt of TIQ 77a... 

The selenium compounds that are most likely to be encountered in air in occupational settings are dusts of elemental selenium, hydrogen selenide, and selenium dioxide. Other volatile selenium compounds (e.g., dimethyl selenide, dimethyl diselenide) might be encountered in some naturally occurring situations. Because selenium is converted from one form to another, as in plant biosynthesis of selenoamino acids, it is not clear which specific forms may be encountered at hazardous waste sites. If a hazardous waste site specifically contains deposits of compounds of selenium, those compounds could be released off-site in dust or air. Toxicity data for exposures via inhalation are available for elemental selenium, selenium dioxide, selenium oxychloride, hydrogen selenide, and dimethyl selenide. Because there are few studies of inhalation of selenium of any single form, all available studies of inhalation exposures to selenium compounds will be included in this discussion. 

The partial ether cleavage of methoxy- and methylenedioxy-substituted isoquinoline alkaloids has been reviewed in a new journal. Additional reviews concerning the use of Reissert compounds in the total synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids and related compounds, electro-oxidation and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and the synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids by a systematic design have appeared in early issues of the same journal. The chemotaxonomy of alkaloids, together with distribution within plants, biosynthesis, structural classification, and physiological activity, has been treated in a monograph. ... 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES produced from pyrolytic processing of organic raw materials such as coal and petroleum at high temperatures product of plant biosynthesis used as a lining material to protect interior of steel and ductile-iron portable water pipes and storage tanks research chemical... 

R. R. Mendel, Molybdenum cofactor of higher plants biosynthesis and molecular biology, Planta, 1997, 203, 399-405. 

Brett CT. (2000). Cellulose microfibrils in plants biosynthesis, deposition, and integration into the cell wall. Int Rev Cytol, 199, 161-199. 

Secondary products are built from L-leucine in microorganisms and plants. Biosynthesis... 

Analysis carotenoids health benefits natural pigments plant biosynthesis production... 

Vogel,G., and W. Eichenberger. 1992. Betaine lipids in lower plants. Biosynthesis of DGTS and DGTA in O. danica (Chrysophyceae) and the possible role of DGTS in lipid metabolism. Plant Cell Physiol. 33 427-436. 

Pidoux M (1989) The microbial flora of sugary kefir grain (the gingerbeer plant) - biosynthesis of the grain from Lactobacillus hilgardii producing a polysaccharide gel. J Appl Microbiol 5 223-238... 

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