Plant action

Source reduction includes any in-plant actions to reduce the quantity or the toxicity of the waste at the source. Examples include equipment modification, design and operational changes of the process, reformulation or redesign of products, substitution of raw materials, and use of environmentally benign chemical reactions. 

Interfacial Electrical Phenomena in Green Plants Action Potentials Alexander G. Volkov and John Mwesigwa... 

When used on plants action is systemic. If applied to leaves, it exhibits a strong translaminar effect, applied to soil it is translocated acropetally after absorption by roots... 

Cunningham, A.B. (1997). The "Top 50" listings and the Medicinal Plants Action Plan. Medicinal Plant Conservation, 3 5-7. 

Sensitivity requirements for the near-real-time automatic continuous air monitoring system (ACAMS) for airborne agent are demanding. This is because the allowable stack concentration and time-weighted-average levels used for exhaust stack and in-plant action levels are quite low and because the ACAMS alarms are currently set at 0.2 of the relevant action level. 

BA = Bacterial action PA = Plant action AA = Animal action... 

An event tree is a graphical representation of event sequences with probabilities, following an initiating event. An event tree provides the systematic model of the time sequence of event propagation through a series of barriers, normal plant actions, and/ or operator intervention and incidental consequences. Now, short discussions have been put forward to see how an event tree is constructed with the help of a number of steps there are basically seven steps Involved, and these are defined in Table V/2.2-1. 

Jobs to be done before chemicals or hydrocarbons can be safely brought into the plant Action Sign Da le... 

Class Plant action Local and state agency action... 

Trichloroethanoic acid, CCI3COOH. A crystalline solid which rapidly absorbs water vapour m.p. 58°C, b.p. 196-5" C. Manufactured by the action of chlorine on ethanoic acid at 160°C in the presence of red phosphorus, sulphur or iodine. It is decomposed into chloroform and carbon dioxide by boiling water. It is a much stronger acid than either the mono- or the dichloro-acids and has been used to extract alkaloids and ascorbic acid from plant and animal tissues. It is a precipitant for proteins and may be used to test for the presence of albumin in urine. The sodium salt is used as a selective weedkiller. 

Obtained as a syrup from plants of the Solanaceae family. Intensely poisonous, its action resembles that of atropine. Sedative in small doses. 

Occurs in coal tar, in various plants and in faeces, being formed by the action of the intestinal bacteria on tryptophan. It can be prepared by the action of acid on the phenyl-hydrazone of pyruvic acid to give indole-2-carboxylate which can be decarboxylated to indole. 

C2oH4qO- a diterpenic alcohol obtained by the action of alkalis on chlorophyll. Colourless oil b.p. 202-204 C/lOmm. On oxidation it yields a ketone CigHsoO b.p. 175 "C/l I mm. phytoxic Poisonous to plants. 

Make maintenance planning more flexible, by providing, wherever possible, viable alternatives to unplanned shutdowns and to immediate component replace or repair actions. Increased flexibility of maintenance planning, by conditionally running under surveillance components with potential or incipient stmctural integrity problems, means improved plant availability, reduced energy replacement and maintenance costs. 

Other acetyl chloride preparations include the reaction of acetic acid and chlorinated ethylenes in the presence of ferric chloride [7705-08-0] (29) a combination of ben2yl chloride [100-44-7] and acetic acid at 85% yield (30) conversion of ethyUdene dichloride, in 91% yield (31) and decomposition of ethyl acetate [141-78-6] by the action of phosgene [75-44-5] producing also ethyl chloride [75-00-3] (32). The expense of raw material and capital cost of plant probably make this last route prohibitive. Chlorination of acetic acid to monochloroacetic acid [79-11-8] also generates acetyl chloride as a by-product (33). Because acetyl chloride is cosdy to recover, it is usually recycled to be converted into monochloroacetic acid. A salvage method in which the mixture of HCl and acetyl chloride is scmbbed with H2SO4 to form acetyl sulfate has been patented (33). 

The actions of the naturally occurring materials now known as alkaloids were probably utilized by the early Egyptians and/or Sumarians (1). However, the beginnings of recorded, reproducible isolation from plants of substances with certain composition first took place in the early nineteenth century. Then in close succession, narcotine [128-62-1] (1, now called noscopine, C22H23NOy) (2) and morphine (2, R = H) (3) (both from the opium poppy, Papaver somnijerum E.) were obtained. 

Dew retting iuvolves the action of dew, sun, and fungi on the plants spread thinly on the ground. Dew retting takes 4—6 weeks, but the action is not uniform and it tends to yield a dark-colored fiber. However, it is far less labor iatensive and less expensive than water retting. It is commonly used iu regions of low water supply and accounts for 85% of the Western European crop, especially iu France, and also iu the former Soviet Union. 

Many plant substances possess antivitamin D activity but the mode of action and in most cases the identity remain unknown. Rachitogenic factors have been observed in yeast. Because of the metaboHc interrelationships that exist between vitamin D, Ca, and P, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate between chelators of mineral elements and tme antivitamins. One reported vitamin D antagonist in oats was later identified as phytic acid (72). 

Transgenic soybean plants expressing the CTP-CP4 EPSPS display commercial levels of Roundup tolerance. These results vaUdate the importance of substrate kinetics of EPSPS in order to maintain adequate rates of aromatic biosynthesis. Furthermore, the fact that glyphosate tolerance can be obtained by expression of a glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS illustrates that the herbicidal mode of action of glyphosate is related solely to inhibition of the EPSPS reaction. 

---