Planning limitations

Employs strict quality assessment standards Conducts appropriate review of drug utilization Promotes prudent patient utilization of benefits by plan members with strategies that include copayments or plan limitations... 

Member cost share Pharmacy reimbursement Plan limitations, restrictions, and exclusions Provider network... 

Plan limitations, restrictions, and exclusions typically are major cost-containment elements of pharmacy benefits plan designs. Examples include a cap or limit on outpatient drug benefits (usually 2000 a year per member), the formulary or preferred drug list, and a limit on the quantity of drugs dispensed per prescription (fhe plan pays for only a limited supply of medication af one time). The mosf common scenario is fhaf fhe plan pays for a 30-fo 34-day supply of a prescribed drug at a pharmacy. 

Point cf service (POS) An electronic system is used for exchanging information that can handle plan design elements, such as eligibility for product coverage, plan limits, member cost-share amormts, and product information, between the pharmacy and the claims administrator in real time as the pharmacist dispenses the prescription. 

It may be necessary to hire additional security personnel from a private company, but parent volunteers can fill this role if the numbers are sufficient. Students, employees, and volunteers should receive a minimum amount of training for filling such roles. This training is to enhance the plan, limit injury to them, and limit liability to the school. 

Joint Business Planning Limited joint business plan development Limited joint business plan development Heavy emphasis on joint business planning and coordinated execution planning... 

For a fixed diameter shell, using smaller and longer tubes will provide more heat transfer area. However, tube length is limited by plot plan, limitation, and difficulties of handling. For removable tube bundle, a space... 

For example, in the case of light Arabian crude (Table 8.16), the sulfur content of the heavy gasoline, a potential feedstock for a catalytic reforming unit, is of 0.036 weight per cent while the maximum permissible sulfur content for maintaining catalyst service life is 1 ppm. It is therefore necessary to plan for a desulfurization pretreatment unit. Likewise, the sulfur content of the gas oil cut is 1.39% while the finished diesel motor fuel specification has been set for a maximum limit of 0.2% and 0.05% in 1996 (French specifications). 

To a large extent the reservoir geology controls the producibility of a formation, i.e. to what degree transmissibility to fluid flow and pressure communication exists. Knowledge of the reservoir geological processes has to be based on extrapolation of the very limited data available to the geologist, yet the geological model s the base on which the field development plan will be built. 

Analytical models using classical reservoir engineering techniques such as material balance, aquifer modelling and displacement calculations can be used in combination with field and laboratory data to estimate recovery factors for specific situations. These methods are most applicable when there is limited data, time and resources, and would be sufficient for most exploration and early appraisal decisions. However, when the development planning stage is reached, it is becoming common practice to build a reservoir simulation model, which allows more sensitivities to be considered in a shorter time frame. The typical sorts of questions addressed by reservoir simulations are listed in Section 8.5. 

At the development planning stage, a reservoir mode/will have been constructed and used to determine the optimum method of recovering the hydrocarbons from the reservoir. The criteria for the optimum solution will most likely have been based on profitability and safety. The model Is Initially based upon a limited data set (perhaps a seismic survey, and say five exploration and appraisal wells) and will therefore be an approximation of the true description of the field. As development drilling and production commence, further data is collected and used to update both the geological model (the description of the structure, environment of deposition, diagenesis and fluid distribution) and the reservoir model (the description of the reservoir under dynamic conditions). 

DENDRAL followed a three-stage procedure. In the first phase, the so-called plan, prior knowledge, and heuristics were used to deduce a set of constraints. Constraints could be, for example, the exemption of large sets of candidate solutions or the suggestion for a extensive search over limited classes of solutions. 

The most satisfactory and the most accurate method for the calibration of a thermometer is to compare it directly with short-scale thermometers, each of limited range, which have been standardised at the National Physical Laboratory.f The comparison should be made as far as possible under the same conditions as the thermometer is to be used. For experiments demanding the highest precision e.g., in research work), it is a good plan to have two similar sets of short-scale thermometers, one of which has been standardised at the N.P.L. the unstandardised set is... 

Sulfonate esters are subject to the same limitations as alkyl halides Competition from elimination needs to be considered when planning a functional group transforma tion that requires an anionic nucleophile because tosylates undergo elimination reactions just as alkyl halides do... 

An analysis requires a sample, and how we acquire the sample is critical. To be useful, the samples we collect must accurately represent their target population. Just as important, our sampling plan must provide a sufficient number of samples of appropriate size so that the variance due to sampling does not limit the precision of our analysis. 

Capacity Limitations and Biofuels Markets. Large biofuels markets exist (130—133), eg, production of fermentation ethanol for use as a gasoline extender (see Alcohol fuels). Even with existing (1987) and planned additions to ethanol plant capacities, less than 10% of gasoline sales could be satisfied with ethanol—gasoline blends of 10 vol % ethanol the maximum volumetric displacement of gasoline possible is about 1%. The same condition apphes to methanol and alcohol derivatives, ie, methyl-/-butyl ether [1634-04-4] and ethyl-/-butyl ether. 

The evaluation phase of industrial hygiene is the process of making measurements on some set of samples which permits a conclusion about the degrees of hazard. Before conducting an evaluation, it is necessary to make a number of choices of what and where to sample, when to sample, how long to sample, how many samples to take, what sampling and analytical methods to use, what exposure criteria to use in the analysis of the data, and how to report the results. These choices as a whole constitute the evaluation plan. The object is to find if one or more workers have an unacceptable probabiUty of being exposed in excess of some estabUshed limit. 

It is also important to ascertain the commercial significance of the invention. Although the invention may provide a measurably large advance in technology, science, or industry, it may not provide an easily producible commercial vehicle or product. Alternatively, the invention may be easily produced as a commercial product, but that product may have limited relevance to the overall commercial strategy or plans of the organization. 

Pilot-plant start-up is different from principal process plant start because of the smaller scale of the unit, smaller resources committed, lack of advance start-up planning, and limited experience with the pilot-plant process and operation. 

NOj Control. NO control limitations are described in both Tide 1 and Tide 4 of the CAAA of 1990. Tide 4 requirements affect only coal-fired boilers and take effect at the same time that the boilers are impacted by CAAA SO2 requirements. As of 1996, EPA had estabHshed Tide 4 NO limits only for tangentially fired and waH-fired, dry-bottom boilers that would be impacted by Phase I of the CAAA SO2 regulations (Tide 4). Limits of 0.22 kg/10 kJ (0.5 lb/10 Btu) and 0.19 kg/10 kJ (0.45 lb/10 Btu) have been set for wall-fired and tangentially fired units, respectively. The EPA based these levels on what was achievable using low NO burners. However, plants can employ a number of different front- or back-end emissions controls, including a combination of options, to achieve these levels. EPA plans to announce Tide 4 NO requirements for 300 additional boilers by late 1996 or eady 1997. 

Because of the necessity to comply with national standards for ground-level ozone, some states are planning another phase of more stringent NO emissions limits which may take place in the eady 2000s. These additional post-RACT reductions may affect plants of all sizes and types, but are likely to focus on major sources. The deadline for compliance in the most extreme areas is 2010. For severe nonattainment areas (O levels 0.181—0.280 ppm), including many coastal areas in the Northeast, from northern Virginia to southern Maine, compliance must be achieved by November 2005 to November 2007. Serious ozone nonattainment areas (O levels 0.161—0.180 ppm) are expected to be in compliance by November 1999. Moderate noncompHance areas must comply by November 1996. 

---