Biofuels market

Capacity Limitations and Biofuels Markets. Large biofuels markets exist (130—133), eg, production of fermentation ethanol for use as a gasoline extender (see Alcohol fuels). Even with existing (1987) and planned additions to ethanol plant capacities, less than 10% of gasoline sales could be satisfied with ethanol—gasoline blends of 10 vol % ethanol the maximum volumetric displacement of gasoline possible is about 1%. The same condition apphes to methanol and alcohol derivatives, ie, methyl-/-butyl ether [1634-04-4] and ethyl-/-butyl ether. 

Background Document for Modelling the EU Biofuel Market Using the BIOTRANS Model. ECN Report C-03-088. 

UN (United Nations). 2006. The emerging biofuels market regulatory, trade and development implications. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, New York and Geneva. 

Economic incentives and private interest in new opportunities are boosting the biofuels market at exceptionally high rates. The European Union gives a strong example. By 2010 the share of alternative fuels should rise to 5.75% by energy value and 6% by volume [14, 15]. Biodiesel is the preferred option in Europe. In contrast, in the USA and Brazil bioethanol is leading, but biodiesel has good... 

The new growing biofuels market in Europe is, however, completely different from that in the USA in terms of both the preferred biocomponent for fuels and the final destination of ethanol [3]. 

Biobutanol is also an attractive biofuel with superior fuel properties but this application has not yet been established in the market. Biobutanol fits the existing fuel infrastructure it has a higher energy density (similar to petrol/gasoline) and better performance than bioethanol. In addition, butanol can be dehydrated to 1-butene and catalyzed into longer-chain oligomers for jet-fuel applications. Biobutanol can substitute for both ethanol and biodiesel in the biofuel market estimated to be 247 billion by 2020 [177]. 

S. Hansen, Rabobank s View on the Global Biofuel Market, 6th European Motor BioFuels Forum, Rotterdam, 2008. 

As made evident by the recent retraction of the Brazilian program of ethanol, the effective implementation of a sustainable biofuel market depends directly on a clear, well-designed,... 

Consiunption of biofuels is projected to rise from 1.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day (mboe/d) in 2011 to 2.1 mboe/d in 2020, and 4.1 mboe/d in 2035 (Table 10.1). By 2035, biofuels will meet 8% of total road-transport fuel demand, up to 3% from today s use. Combined, the United States, Brazil, the European Union, China and India account for about 90% of world biofuels demand according to the Outlook]o msiX, with government policies driving the expansion in these regions (lea, 2013). The United States remains the largest biofuels market, spurred on by the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) through 2022 and assumed continuation of support thereafter, with... 

OPXBio, 2011. Why Make a 2 Fuel When You Can Make a 5 Chemical World biofuels Market News. Available at http / /worldbiofuelsmarkets.info/ p=979. 

At the heart of current debate on biofuels markets, the development of rural areas and food safety issues are of great concern. When considering the nexus between biofuels and rural development, four main aspects are representative in current hterature (1) social benefits of biofuels policy (2) food security versus land management (3) public sector intervention and (4) the enhancement of second-generation biofuels from non-food crops. Dufey (2006) offers a comprehensible tour of social benefits of biofuels production accruing in developing as well as developed countries. Recently, Raman et al. (2015) add social values to biofuels production. 

UNCTAD, 2015. Tha State of the Biofuels Market. Regulatory, Trade and Development Perspectives. 

Another biofuel of importance is wood. The Forest Service, which is part of USDA, administers national forest lands for the sale of wood for wood fuel. Besides determining the quantity of wood fuel to bring to market by collecting and analyzing statistics on woody biomass supply and use, the Forest Sendee sponsors forest biomass energy-related research in conjunction tvitli federal and state agencies, as well as universities. 

The refining scenario we described in Chapter 1 considers fossil-derived fuel in a market where supplied oil is becoming heavier and environmental specifications are becoming increasingly stringent. This scenario resulted in the oil-derived fuels and the biofuels... 

In 2003, the European Biofuels Directive (CEU, 2007 EC, 2003) was enacted. It sets an indicative target of a 2% market share for biofuels in 2005, a 5.75% share in 2010 and a 10% share in 2020 for road transport related to the energy content of the fuel. It has to be noted, however, that biofuel mandates are increasingly being scrutinised from a sustainability perspective and the targets in the EU are currently being reconsidered. 

The alternative fuels and drive systems available only seem to be viable on the mass market, if the oil price stays above 60 to 70 /bbl for a sustained period. Oil prices peaked above 140 /bbl in summer 2008 and many experts believe that stable oil prices over 100 /bbl could be reached in the next one or two decades. The higher the market prices of fossil fuels, the more competitive low-carbon alternatives will become The principal choice here is between biofuels, electricity and hydrogen, provided that they are produced either from low/zero-carbon feedstock or that the C02 generated during their production is captured and stored. But higher priced conventional oil resources, on the other hand, can also be replaced by high-carbon alternatives such as oil sands, oil shale or synthetic fuels from coal and gas. 

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