Piper nigrum Pepper, Piperine

Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Piperine, /3-caryophyllene, chavicine ... 

Peptidomimetic inhibitors Petunidin Phenobarbital Phenothiazines Phenylcinnamides Phenylsulfonylfuroxans Phenytoin Phloretin Phloxine Phytosterols Pimozide Piper cubeba Piper nigrum fruit Piperine (black pepper) Pirarubicin ... 

Spices pepper piperine, clavicine, piperidine alkal., also bearing a cyclobutane ring, such as pipercyclobutanamide A Fujiwara 2001 black pepper Piper spp., including Piper nigrum h., Piperaceae, Ang. from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines... 

Piperine Piperine, molecular formula C17H19NO3, a component of black pepper (Piper nigrum), has been used in various traditional medicine preparations, and also as an insecticide. Piperine has various effects on human drug metabolizing enzymes, and is marketed under the brand name, Bioperine , as an adjunct for increasing bioavailability of various dietary supplements, especially curcumin, one of the active ingredients of turmeric (Curcuma longa). 

Piper nigrum L. Hu Jiao (Black pepper) (fruit) Piperine, chavicine, piperamine, piperonal, dihydrocarveol, cryptone, caryophyllene. This herb may cause irritation to the system.33-45 Anticonvulsive, sedative. 

Commercially available black pepper comes from the entire unripe fruit of a Piper nigrum L. plant and is valued for its pungent taste and aroma. Besides its hot flavor, there are many folk medicine remedies using black pepper. It has antiallergic activity. Piperine strongly inhibits hepatic arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities. Some proven uses for black pepper extracts are as an insecticide and as a tumor inhibitor. To research claims such as these, it is necessary to isolate the components of pepper. 

The pungency of the fruits of black pepper (Piper nigrum Piperaceae), a widely used condiment, is mainly due to the piperidine alkaloid piperine (Figure 6.24). In this structure, the piperidine ring forms part of a tertiary amide structure, and is incorporated via piperidine itself, the reduction product of A1 -pipcridcine (Figure 6.22). 

Vijayakumar, R.S., Surya, D. and Nalini, N. (2004) Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress. Redox Reporter 9(2), 105-110. 

Wood, A.B., Barrow, M.L. and James, D.J. (1 988) Piperine determination in pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its oleoresins a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Flavour and Fragrance journal 3(2), 55-64. 

Piperine, a constituent of black pepper and other species (e.g. Piper nigrum),... 

The fruit of the plant Piper nigrum is the common black pepper of the household. This fruit yields an alkaloid known as pipeline present to about 4 to 9 per cent in commercial pepper. On hydrolysis the alkaloid yields piperidine or hexa-hydro pyridine and an acid known as piperic acid. Piperine is thus considered as a piperidine amide of piperic acid. Physiologically this alkaloid acts like quinine but is less active and is uncertain. It is only rarely used in medicine. 

Herbal effects on absorption can affect the bioavailability of antibiotics and has been demonstrated for Khat (Catha endulis) users (Attef et al., 1997). Absorption and decreased metabolism of the asthma drug theophylline are also affected by piperine from black pepper (Piper nigrum, Piper longum). 

Piperine (81), a major constitutent of pepper (Piper nigrum, Piperaceae), was tested against L. donovani promastigotes [114]. However, as this compound has been part of the daily diet over centuries, is cytotoxic potential, and only the moderate antileishmanial activity, it has not been considered as a potential antiparasitic agent. 

Piperine is an alkaloid found in black pepper (Piper nigrum), long pepper (Piper longuni), cubeb (Piper cubebd) and grains-of-paradise (Aframomum melegueta), and is responsible in... 

A number of phenylpropanoids are perceived as pungent by humans and presumably by other organisms. Among these are capsaicin (20), the pungent principle of peppers Capsicum species, Solanaceae) and piperine (21), the pungent principle of black pepper Piper nigrum, Piperaceae) (Fig. 8.9) (Harbome, 1982). 

Piper alkaloids a group of alkaloids occurring in various species of Piper, especially black pepper Piper nigrum). Structurally, P.a. consist of an aromatic carboxylic acid with an unsaturated side chain (e.g. piperic acid, sinapic acid) in amide linkage with a basic component, usually piperidine. The chief representative is Piperine (see). 

Piperine piperic acid piperidide, a Piper alkaloid (see), the chief alkaloid of black pepper Piper nigrum) and responsible for its sharp taste. Af, 285.35, m.p. 16°C. Both double bonds are irons (Fig.). The cis-cis isomer, earlier called chavicine, does not occur naturally. 

Raman G, Gaikar VG (2002) Extraction of piperine from Piper nigrum (black pepper) by hydrotropic solubilization. Ind Eng Chem Res 41(12) 2966-2976. doi 10.1021/ie0107845... 

Piper longum and Piper nigrum are conventionally used as immuno-enhancers in Indian system of medicine. The underlying mechanism however remains unknown. Pepper has been used in China as a folk remedy for epilepsy. Piperine has been identified by researchers as having anticonvulsant effects in animal models, and antiepilepsirine, a derivative of piperine, has been used in China to treat epilepsy since 1975. A clinical trial on epileptic children-tested antiepilepsirine (10 mg/kg two or three times a day) decreased the number of seizures in majority of subjects [84]. 

Koul IB, Kapil A (1993) Evaluation of the liver protective potential of piperine, an active principle of black and long peppers. Planta Med 59 413 17 81. Lin Z, Hoult JR, Bennett DC, Raman A (1999) Stimulation of mouse melanocyte proliferation by Piper nigrum fruit extract and its main alkaloid - piperine. Planta Med 65 600-603... 

Black pepper Pungent, hot, biting Piperine, piperanine, piperylin Piper nigrum, berries from perennial vine... 

Piperidine alkaloids occur in only a few species ofhigher plants. However, (S)-pipecoIic acid (11) [228] is widely distributed in higher plants, microorganisms, and animals. Lobeline (13) is the main constituent of lobelia alkaloids (Lobelia injlata, Campanulaceae). It is a respiratory stimulant in mammals. Piperine (12) is the active ingredient in black pepper (Piper nigrum). On hydrolysis it furnishes piperic add (14) and piperidine (hence its name) [229] ... 

Black, white, green and red peppers are fruits of the same plant Piper nigrum, Piperaceae) native to south India that contains protoalkaloid pipeline as the major hot component this is (2E,4 )-l-piperoylpiperidine, an amide of piperic acid, systematic name (2 ,4 )-5-(l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-piperidinylpenta-2,4-dienamide. Black pepper is obtained from immature, but already fuUy developed fruits that are fermented during drying. Green peppers are quickly sun-dried unripe berries. White pepper is produced from fully ripe berries by removing the red skin. The content of piperine in black and white pepper is 3-8% (see Section 10.3.2.1.2). 

Occurs in form of Piperine in black pepper Piper nigrum, P. longum, P. officinarum). Also present in free state in plants, e.g. Psilocaulon absimile, Petrosimonia monandra. Glycine max. Useful base in org. synth. Used for detn. of Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir. Liq. with characteristic odour. Misc. H2O, sol. org. solvs. df 0.862. Mp -9°. Bp 106°, Bp2o 17.7°. n 1.4534. Forms a hydrate, Mp -14°. 

Figure 8.1 Pepper Piper nigrum), the source of piperine, as shown in a 1578 herbal by Christoval Acosta.

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