Carbon Management

Blair GJ, Lefroy RDB, Lisle L (1995) Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Aust J Soil Res 46 1459-1466... 

Biomass sequestration, which has been embraced by coal companies as the least expensive way to start carbon management, relies on capture from air. Cofiring with biomass followed by sequestration also would lead to a net C02 reduction in the atmosphere (Keith, 2001). On a per ton basis, this option is quite cost effective, but the amount of land area that would be required is extremely large to be practical. Consequently, it is worthwhile to consider other options. Currently, studies that consider capture of C02 directly from the air by chemical means are under way. These processes will require good chemical sorbents that do not pose any environmental concerns in their own right and can be regenerated cost effectively. 

Tuskan, G.A. Walsh, M.E. Short-rotation woody crop systems, atmospheric carbon dioxide and carbon management A US case study. For. Chron. 2001, 77,259-264. 

Arakawa H, Aresta M, Armor JN et al (2001) Catalysis research of relevance to carbon management progress, challenges, and opportunities. Chem Rev 101(4) 953-996... 

Socolow, R. 2003. The Century-Scale Problem of Carbon Management. The Carbon Dioxide Dilemma Promising Technologies and Policies. Proceedings of a Symposium, April 23-24, 2002, pp. 11—14. Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press. 

Ambient carbonate in the Cheshire stromatolites shows that precipitation in contemporary sea water had 5 C of 0%o. This immediately supports the inference that at 2.7 Ga, carbon management by oxygenic photosynthesis took place on a global scale (Schidlowski Aharon 1992), with mantle derived carbon (5 C —7%o to —5%o) being partitioned into organic (8 C around -28%o) and inorganic (5 C near 0%o) reservoirs. 

Since CO2 sequestration raises the cost of energy, it is unlikely that sequestration will be introduced without regulatory pressure. The trade-off between ignoring the risk of climate change and paying for a carbon-neutral energy infrastructure is easier if the cost of the carbon management can be held low. 

Disposal or long-term storage of CO2 is the final step in the carbon management chain. It is made difficult by the large scale of storage. At current rates, the total CO2 production for a century would be 650 Gt of carbon (GtC), or 2500 Gt of CO2. For comparison. Lake Michigan contains 5000 Gt of water. 

NRC. Carbon Management Implications for R D in the Chemical Sciences and Technology National Research Council. National Academy Press Washington, DC, 2001. 

Draper, E.L. Becker, R.A. Research and Development Needs for the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide as Part of a Carbon Management Strategy The National Coal Council Washington, DC, 2000. 

What is less certain, but important to ponder (see e.g. Nisbet, 2002) is whether the Earth could have maintained its equable climate purely by inorganic means. What would an inorganic Earth look like Nisbet (2002) has suggested a sluggish form of carbon management. 

National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Workshop on Carbon Management, entitled "Renewable Energy Generation, Storage and Utilization", January 8,... 

Kopyscinski, J., Schildhauer, T.J., Biollaz, S.M.A. 2009. Employing Catalyst Ruidization to Enable Carbon Management in the Synthetic Natural Gas Production from Biomass , Chem. Eng. Technol., 32 (3) 343-347. 

Carbon Management Regional Solutions Based on Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Process Integration... 

Keywords Carbon management. Carbon dioxide utilization. Process... 

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