Physiological modulators insulin

IL-1/3 has a potentiating effect on insulin secretion, suggesting a priming effect on B-cell function and also a paracrine effect on A -I- B-cell function. IL-1/3 should be considered to be a physiological modulator of insulin and... 

Thus, taken together, these data indicate that IL-1 is not a physiological modulator of insulin secretion but may have pathophysiological implication during destruction of B-cells leading to Type-I diabetes. 

Rational approaches to diabetic therapy by modulating insulin release, depend on a better understanding of the interrelationships and physiological significance of the above factors in controlling normal release. It may then be possible to discern metabolic or functional differences between normal and diabetic Islets. A fundamental problem in achieving such an understanding, has been the fact that no one has yet obtained a pancreatic preparation which allows an examination of the beta-cell function alone. Thus it is not only difficult to determine the metabolic response of beta-cells to various stimuli, but also to determine the relative functional contribution of the other islet cell types. 

Insulin causes a decrease in blood glucose concentrations. Physiologically, insulin delivery is modulated on a minute-to-minute basis as the hormone is secreted into the portal circulation and requirements vary widely and critically with nutrient delivery, physical activity and metabolic stress. Ideally, an insulin... 

These criteria are partially fulfilled in insulin-deficient diabetes. But the natural modulation of insulin secretion in response to need (food, exercise) does not operate with injected insulin and even sophisticated technology cannot yet exactly mimic the normal physiological responses. The criteria are still further from realisation in, for example, some cancers and schizophrenia. 

The most potent initiator of insulin secretion is glucose. Under physiological conditions its action is modulated by hormones, peptides and neurotransmitters as discussed later. 

Aguayo, C., Flores, C., Parodi, J., Rojas, R., Mann, G.E., Pearson, J.D., and Sobrevia, L. (2001) Modulation of adenosine transport by insulin in human umbilical artery smooth muscle ceUs from normal or gestational diabetic pregnancies. The Journal of Physiology, 534 (Pt 1), 243-254. 

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