Priming effect

Fink G (1995) The self-priming effect of LHRH a unique servomechanism and possible cellular model of memory. Front Neuroendocrinol 16 18-190... 

Speight A, Popkin R, Watts AG, Fink G (1981) Oestradiol-17/3 increases pituitary responsiveness by a mechanism that involves the release and the priming effect of luteinizing hormone releasing factor. J Endocrinol 88 301-308... 

Priming effects in adults fine-tuning of breeding cycles Reproductive inhibition in females... 

Rats ovulate when exposed to soiled bedding from males. The stimulus is nonvolatile, as a wire screen can eliminate this response. Vomeronasal organ occlusion reduces the response, implicating this pathway for priming pheromone reception in this species (Johns etal., 1978). Table 8.2 summarizes the role of the vomeronasal in priming effects in rodents. 

The priming effects of urine substrate marks on interactions between male house mice, Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz. Animal Behaviour 45,55-81. 

Hamer, U., and Marschner, B. (2005). Priming effects in different soil types induced by fructose, alanine, oxalic acid and catechol additions. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37,445-454. 

Kuzyakov, Y., Friedel, J. K., and Stahr, K. (2000). Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects. Soil Biol. Biochem. 32,1485-1498. 

A fourth pattern of interaction (enzymes of group D) between allosteric activator and inhibitor is seen with barley endosperm. The ADPGIc PPase, which is poorly-activated by 3PGA, is inhibited by Pi (Table 4.2). However, 3PGA lowers (up to 3-fold) the S0 5 for ATP (i.e. the apparent affinity of ATP is increased) and the Hill coefficient.75 At 0.1 mM ATP, activation by 3PGA is about 4-fold 2.5 mM Pi reverses the effect. Thus, in barley endosperm, the prime effect of 3PGA or Pi may be to either increase or decrease the apparent affinity of the enzyme for the substrate, ATP. 

Transfer fuses which have no priming effect are manufactured in the USA. Those containing only a fraction of one gram of PETN per meter and a lead sheathing are known as mild detonating fuses . Cords containing about 2g of the explosive per meter inside a plastic-impregnated network are manufactured as Primadet . 

During our research on BABA-induced resistance we noticed that the priming effect of this chemical was not restricted to the plant s reaction to biotic stresses. BABA-treated plants were also sensitized to react faster and more effectively to abiotic stresses. BABA-treated Arabidopsis, for example showed a 75% survival rate following a treatment of two days at -5 °C, whereas control plants were all killed [83]. We also observed faster reactions at the molecular and phenotypical level to high salt, heat and drought treatment [8,69]. All these observations point to an important involvement of BABA in the expression of general priming mechanisms of stress tolerance. 

Fu S. and Cheng W. (2002) Rhizosphere priming effects on the decomposition of soil organic matter in C4 and C3 grassland soils. Plant Soil 238, 289-294. 

Chao CC, Gekker G, Sheng WS, Hu S, Tsang M, Peterson PK (1994) Priming effect of morphine on the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by microglia Implications in respiratory burst activity and human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269 198-203. 

Cytokines modify phagocyte activity and may interfere with the immunomodulating properties of antibacterial agents. In an in vitro study, TNF-a and GM-CSF reduced the inhibitory effect of telithromycin on oxidant production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, suggesting an effect of telithromycin downstream of the priming effect of cytokines. In addition, TNF-a and GM-CSF moderately impaired the uptake of telithromycin by polymorphonuclear neutrophils the inhibitory effect of these two cytokines seemed to be related to the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (12). 

The individual events are summarized in Fig. (4). Since the decrease of the molecular mass of HA is the prime effect of the action of HO radicals, while functional groups are retained, methods enabling determination of the molecular mass were primarily applied in order to study the HO radical-induced depolymerization of HA. For instance, Soltes and coworkers used viscosimetry in order to study the effects of H2O2 and Cu " on HA solutions [242] as well as to study the inhibitory ("scavenging") effect of the ibuprofen isomers (ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug). 

IL-1/3 has a potentiating effect on insulin secretion, suggesting a priming effect on B-cell function and also a paracrine effect on A -I- B-cell function. IL-1/3 should be considered to be a physiological modulator of insulin and... 

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