Physiological differences between

Since the isolation of IGTS8, many other Rhodococcus as well as Mycobacterium strains capable of sulfur-specific desulfurization via the 4S pathway have been isolated. Genetic analysis of some of these strains has shown that the dsz genes are almost identical in all these strains however, the strains still differ in their rate of desulfurization. It has been realized that this is due to the difference in non-desulfurizing traits of the strains. These traits are mostly physiological differences between the strains. These parameters play a secondary role in determining the rate of desulfurization in these strains. These include the ability to emulsify the oil phase, solvent tolerance and resistance to various... 

In summary, physiological differences between four populations of carps from the low Ebro River and their effects correlated well with the amount of Hg found in fishes, with the maximal levels of mercury in tissue and the highest biological impact relocated several kilometers downstream from the discharge site. This probably reveals that the observed effects are more related to long-term and continuous exposure to Hg rather than to current occasional short-term exposures. 

There appears to be some restriction on the diffusion of the intracellular free Ca2+ between the deep cytosol and the plasma membrane. If true, then there is an inherent physiological difference between the ryanodine receptor (which is primarily responsive to Ca2+) and the InsP3 receptor (which is primarily responsive to InsP3) in the mechanism of communication with the plasma membrane. 

First, the procedure now used by the EPA for inhalation data differs from what we have described above, in that the ten-fold factor for interspecies extrapolation (animal-to-human) is dropped in favor of a specific model that describes the well-known physiological differences between animals and humans that affect the relative rates of movement of a given administered dose of a chemical in the respiratory tracts of animals and humans. These physiological models provide fairly accurate predictions of the relative doses of chemicals delivered into the respiratory regions of animals and humans who have received identical administered (inhaled) doses. The estimate of delivered dose offers a well-accepted scientific approach to at least part of the problem of interspecies differences. Details of the delivered dose calculations are beyond the scope of this book (see references in Sources and recommended reading). 

Monroe J (1967) Psychological and physiological differences between good and poor sleepers. J Abnorm Psychol 72 255-264... 

Finally, certain triazine herbicides can be used selectively in orchards and in some horticultural crops. In this case, selectivity is not based only on physiological differences between species, but on physical selectivity associated with the location of the herbicide and the roots of the crop and weed species in the soil. Triazine herbicides such as simazine, which has very low solubility in water, remain close to the soil surface in most mineral soils. Careful application of simazine in horticultural or fruit crops can result in the herbicide being available to control shallow-rooted weed species without harming the deeper-rooted perennial species. The success of this use is dependent not only on the relative rooting depths of the tolerant and susceptible species, but also on soil conditions and other factors that may affect herbicide fate and movement. 

Kulcu E, Tamada JA, Reach G, Potts RO, Lesho MJ. Physiological differences between interstitial glucose and blood glucose measured in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003, 26, 2405-2409. 

Physiological differences between the effects produced by S. mansonoides and S. erinacei (762) have been observed. The major effect of S. mansonoides appears to be the stimulation of lipogenesis resulting in... 

The third amplification technique involved distinguishing chemical mutagenicity from other physiological processes. It was not uncommon in these promotional texts for scientist-activists to point out the levels of complexity that chemical mutagens present for the basic researcher, relative, for example, to radiation. In one text, Hollaender noted that there are only three or four types of radiation, but there are produced each year about 30,000 new compounds, of which probably 20 or 30 are mutagenic. 8 Other texts emphasized the physiological differences between mutagenicity and toxicity We must also remem-... 

Physiological differences between mammals and reptiles of a common size and body temperature... 

Various physiological differences between the buccal and sublingual regions (described below) mean that the types of dosage forms appropriate for these two routes are very different. 

The type of dosage form that is appropriate for oral transmucosal drag delivery is dependent on whether the sublingual or buccal region is to be used as the absorption site. Physiological differences between these two regions means that they are suitable for different applications and thus different types of dosage forms. 

Once information is gathered concerning the physical and physiological differences between species, one then has a basis to select the correct species for study. In order to comprehend how a toxicant or drug can permeate the skin, the vehicle and its components, disease state, hair follicle density, age, thickness, body site, blood flow, and metabolism must be considered because they can modulate chemical absorption and affect the skin barrier. Toxicants, inert components of chemical mixtures, and vehicles as well as products generated by the skin such as sweat, sebum, dead... 

Studies in animals provide supporting evidence for the fibrogenicity of airborne asbestos (see Section 3. 2.1.2. for references). However, the extrapolation of exposure-response relationships for asbestos-induced lung fibrosis in laboratory animals to humans is not recommended due to the long persistence of fibers in htrmans, the relatively short life-span of laboratory animals, and the anatomical and physiological differences between laboratory animals and humans that influence rates of Itmg deposition... 

Table III. Physiological differences between triazine resistant and susceptible biotypesa...

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