Selectivity physical

Experience has shown that certain carefully selected physical properties could be correlated with the dominant composition of a petroleum cut or crude oil. 

Appendix 1 lists selected physical properties for repre sentative alkanes as well as members of other families of organic compounds... 

Selected physical properties for a number of arenes are listed in Appendix 1... 

TABLE A Selected Physical Properties of Representative Hydrocarbons... 

Selected physical properties are given in Table 1 and some thermodynamic properties in Table 2. Vapor pressure (P) and enthalpy of vaporization (H) over the temperature range 178.45 to 508.2 K can be calculated with an error of less than 3% from the following equations wherein the units are P, kPa Pi, mj/ mol T, K and = reduced temperature, T/ T (1) ... 

New Adsorbent Materials. SihcaUte and other hydrophobic molecular sieves, the new family of AlPO molecular sieves, and steadily increasing families of other new molecular sieves (including stmctures with much larger pores than those now commercially available), as well as new carbon molecular sieves and pillared interlayer clays (PILCS), will become more available for commercial appHcations, including adsorption. Adsorbents with enhanced performance, both highly selective physical adsorbents and easily regenerated, weak chemisorbents will be developed, as will new rate-selective adsorbents. 

Selected physical properties are given ia Table 4. The nmr data (97) and ir and Raman spectra (98) have also been determined. Thermodynamic functions have been calculated from spectral data (99). 

Selected physical properties of various methacrylate esters, amides, and derivatives are given in Tables 1—4. Tables 3 and 4 describe more commercially available methacrylic acid derivatives. A2eotrope data for MMA are shown in Table 5 (8). The solubiUty of MMA in water at 25°C is 1.5%. Water solubiUty of longer alkyl methacrylates ranges from slight to insoluble. Some functionalized esters such as 2-dimethylaniinoethyl methacrylate are miscible and/or hydrolyze. The solubiUty of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in water at 25°C is 13%. Vapor—Hquid equiUbrium (VLE) data have been pubHshed on methanol, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid pairs (9), as have solubiUty data for this ternary system (10). VLE data are also available for methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl a-hydroxyisobutyrate, methanol, and water, which are the critical components obtained in the commercially important acetone cyanohydrin route to methyl methacrylate (11). 

Plastic Sheet. Poly(methyl methacrylate) plastic sheet is manufactured in a wide variety of types, including cleat and colored transparent, cleat and colored translucent, and colored semiopaque. Various surface textures ate also produced. Additionally, grades with improved weatherabiUty (added uv absorbers), mat resistance, crazing resistance, impact resistance, and flame resistance ate available. Selected physical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet ate Hsted in Table 12 (102). 

Selected physical properties of naphthaleneamines and naphthalenediamines are Hsted in Table 3. 

Physical and Chemical Properties. Selected physical and chemical properties of isophthaUc acid are shown in Tables 24 and 25. 

Selected physical properties for representative diarylamiaes are givea ia Table 1. The solubiUty of DPA ia water (1) is givea by ... 

Physical Properties. Both (1) and (2) are weak bases, showing 4.94 and 5.40, respectively. Their facile formation of crystalline salts with either inorganic or organic acids and complexes with Lewis acids is in each case of considerable interest. Selected physical data for quinoline and isoquinoline are given in Table 1. Reference 4 greatly expands the range of data treated and adds to them substantially. 

Selected physical data for various quiaones are given ia Table 2 Table 3 gives uv spectral data and redox potentials (Fig. 2). References 19 and 20 greatiy expand the range of data treated. 

Selected physical properties of rhenium are summarized ia Table 1. The metal is silvery-white and has a metallic luster. It has a high density (21.02 g/cm ). Only platinum, iridium, and osmium have higher densities. The melting poiat of rhenium is higher than that of all other elements except tungsten (mp 3410°C) and carbon (mp 3550°C). 

The physical and thermodynamic properties of silane in the context of semiconductor appHcations have been reviewed in detail (8). Tabulations of properties of various silanes in the context of inorganic chemistry have also been pubHshed (9). Table 1 contains selected physical properties of inorganic silanes. 

Selected physical and chemical properties of sodium nitrate are Hsted in Table 1. At room temperature, sodium nitrate is an ododess and colodess soHd, moderately hygroscopic, saline in taste, and very soluble in water, ammonia, and glycerol. Detailed physical and chemical properties are also available (3,4). 

In general, these polyols are water-soluble, crystalline compounds with small optical rotations in water and a slightly sweet to very sweet taste. Selected physical properties of many of the sugar alcohols are Hsted in Table 1. 

Physical, Sulfamic acid is a diy acid having oithorhombic crystals. The pure crystals ate nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic, colodess, and ododess. The acid is highly stable up to its melting point and may be kept for years without change in properties. Selected physical properties of sulfamic acid are hsted in Table 1. Other properties are available in the hterature (5—8). 

Sulfolene (2) is the next most commercially important sulfone after sulfolane. Besides its precursor role in sulfolane manufacture, 3-sulfolene is an intermediate in the synthesis of sulfolanyl ethers, which are used as hydrauHc fluid additives (see Hydraulic fluids). 3-Sulfolene or its derivatives also have been used in cosmetics (qv) and slimicides. Selected physical properties of 3-sulfolene are Hsted in Table 3. 

Physical Properties. Thionyl chloride [7719-09-7], SOCI2, is a colorless fuming Hquid with a choking odor. Selected physical and thermodynamic properties are Hsted in Table 6. Thionyl chloride is miscible with many organic solvents including chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. It reacts quickly with water to form HCl and SO2. Thionyl chloride is stable at room temperature however, slight decomposition occurs just... 

Table 2. Selected Physical Properties of Dimethyl and Diethyl Sulfate...

Selected physical properties of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate are shown in Table 1. The crystals are relatively stable, efflorescing in warm, dry air and dehquescing slightly in moist air. They melt in their water of hydration at 48°C and can be completely dehydrated in a vacuum oven at this temperature, or at atmospheric pressure at 105°C. Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate can also be crystallised direcdy from a 72% solution above 75°C. It decomposes at 233°C ... 

Selected physical properties of benzoic acid are given in Table 1, solubiHties in water in Table 2, solubiHties in various organic solvents in Table 3, and vapor pressures in Table 4. 

Caprolactam, mol wt 113.16, is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline soHd at ambient temperature, with a characteristic odor. It is very soluble in water and in most common organic solvents and is sparingly soluble in high molecular weight aUphatic hydrocarbons. Molten caprolactam is a powerful solvent for polar and nonpolar organic chemicals. Selected physical properties and solubiUties of caprolactam are Hsted in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. 

Chlorine dioxide, CIO2, is a greenish yellow gas having a pungent odor that is distinctive from that of chlorine. Liquid chlorine dioxide has a deep red color and is explosive at temperatures above —40° C. Selected physical and thermodynamic properties of chlorine dioxide are given in Table 1. 

Selected physical properties of chloroprene are Hsted in Table 1. When pure, the monomer is a colorless, mobile Hquid with slight odor, but the presence of small traces of dimer usually give a much stronger, distinctive odor similar to terpenes and inhibited monomer may be colored from the stabilizers used. Ir and Raman spectroscopy of chloroprene (4) have been used to estimate vibrational characteristics and rotational isomerization. 

Oxa.mide. Oxamide [471 6-5] is a nonhygroscopic single compound. It has a molecular weight of 88.08, a nitrogen content of 31.8%, and is a white crystalline soHd with very limited solubiUty in water. Table 4 Hsts select physical properties. 

Properties of Light and Heavy Water. Selected physical properties of light and heavy water are Hsted ia Table 3 (17). Thermodynamic properties are given ia Table 4. The Hquid plus vapor critical-temperature curve for xT) (1 )H2 ) mixtures over the entire concentration range has been reported (28). 

Tritium is the subject of various reviews (6—8), and a book (9) provides a comprehensive survey of the preparation, properties, and uses of tritium compounds. Selected physical properties for molecular tritium, are given in Table 1. 

Physical-property measurements are sometimes equivalent to composition an yzers, because the composition can frequently be inferred from the measurement of a selected physical property. 

Since it is chemically inert no special materials of construction are required. Selected physical properties are listed in Table 9.20. 

Selected physical properties of oxygen are included in Table 9.24. It is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas which is essential for life and considered to be non-toxic at atmospheric pressure. It is somewhat soluble in water and is slightly heavier than air. Important uses are in the steel and glass industries, oxyacetylene welding, as a chemical intermediate, waste-water treatment, fuel cells, underwater operations and medical applications. 

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