Blood glucose, measurement

Fig. 4. Dose response for blood glucose measurement using a dry chemistry system having a water-borne, tough coating film. The numbers represent...

One question that is often asked of statisticians is in what sense can we be 95% confident that the population mean lies within the limits 3.84 and 4.13 To answer the question we can again conduct a sampling experiment as follows. Suppose that the 40 blood glucose measurements in Figure 8.3 comprised the total population of values. For random sample of size 10 from the populations of blood glucose values determine the sample mean, standard error and the corresponding 95% confidence interval. Repeat the process 100 times. The results of such an experiment are shown in Figure 8.6. 

Drug/Lab fesf/nteracf/ons Acetaminophen may interfere with Chemstrip bG, Dextrostix, and Visidex II home blood glucose measurement systems decreases of > 20% in mean glucose values may be noted. This effect appears to be drug-, concentration-, and system-dependent. 

Problems with the use of blood glucose measurement systems are reported from time to time. For example, it is easy to read glucose meters wrongly (SEDA-25, 508). Hypoglycemia was missed when a patient inadvertently switched the glucose meter from mmol/1 to mg/dl and read 266 mg/dl as 26.6 mmol/1 and 158 mg/dl as 15.8 mmol/1 (302). 

Kulcu E, Tamada JA, Reach G, Potts RO, Lesho MJ. Physiological differences between interstitial glucose and blood glucose measured in human subjects. Diabetes Care 2003, 26, 2405-2409. 

The calibration is done with one or more blood glucose measurements using blood glucose strips. The blood measurement will then set the glucose sensitivity... 

Once the sensor is inserted, the user is instructed to wait 2 h before they are prompted to calibrate the sensor. The user must run duplicate blood glucose measurements using a specific brand of glucose meter and download the fingerstick data into the receiver. The calibrated sensor will transmit data from the transmitter to the receiver every 5 min. The data are stored inside the receiver and can be displayed... 

The system does not display a glucose result for the first 10 h of operation to allow the equilibration of the sensor inside the body. The user is instructed to calibrate the sensor at hours 10, 12, 24, and 72, after insertion, by a blood glucose measurement. The blood glucose meter is built into the receiver, so the calibration is done automatically when a blood glucose measurement is made. After 5 days the user is instmcted to remove and dispose of the sensor support mount. The transmitter is reusable and contains replaceable batteries. The transmitter and mount are water resistant and can be worn during showers. The receiver is not water resistant because the receiver contains the open port for insertion of a blood glucose test strip. 

Rebrin K, Steil GM. Can interstitial glucose assessment replace blood glucose measurements Diabetes Technology Therapeutics 2000, 2, 461 472. 

Burmeister JJ, Arnold MA, Small GW. Noninvasive blood glucose measurements by near infrared transmission spectroscopy across human tongues. Diabetes Technology Therapeutics 2000, 2, 5-16. 

Olesberg JT, Arnold MA, Mermelstein C, Schmitz J, Wagner J. Tunable laser diode system for noninvasive blood glucose measurements. Applied Spectroscopy 2005, 59, 1480-1484. 

Yamakoshi K, Yamakoshi Y. Pulse glucometry a new approach for noninvasive blood glucose measurements using instantaneous differential near-infrared spectrophotometry. Journal of Biomedical Optics 2006, 11, 054028. 

Boyne MS, Silver DM, Kaplan J, Saudek CD. Timing of changes in interstitial and venous blood glucose measured with a continuous subcutaneous glucose sensor. Diabetes 2003, 52, 2790-2794. 

---