Physical Properties and Data

321) jjjg density of liquid phosphine in the temperature range between the triple-point and the boiling point can be obtained from the equation 

Vapour pressures of phosphine at temperatures 25 °C were determined by A. Stock eta/. and Stephenson and Giauque and between 25 and 50 °C by Briner See also j e vapour pressures of the system PHj/AsHg 

According to the most recent measurements the critical pressure is 65 at and the critical temperature 52 °C Earlier work gave similar values 273,281) jjjg latent heat of vapourisation of phosphine at the boiling point was 

The equilibria between the liquid and vapour of binary mixtures of phosphine and arsine were investigated by Devyatykh et at. 

The viscosity of phosphine at 273 K is 1073 10 poise 3 3,344) temperature dependence can be represented by the equation 

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Selected chemical and physical properties, and data of common and potential atmospheric contaminants,... 

Physical Properties and Data of Optical Materials, MoriakiWakaki, Keiei Kudo, andTakehisa Shibuya... 

Design Institute of Physical Properties and Data (DIPPR), American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1985-9 databases. 

On the basis of ext ensive exx>erimental work international co-operation within the European Federation of Chemical Engineering has resulted in the standardization of test mixtures. The booklet published byZuiderweg [195] contains the equilibrium data as well as all important physical properties and data concerning the chemical stability of the components for 11 systems. It is suggested to use mainly the test mixtures Usted in Table 29 so that it should be possible to compare the efficiency of packings and columns. 

El-Mallawany RAH (2002) Tellurite glasses handbook physical properties and data. CRC, Boca... 

El-Mallawany R A. H., Tellurite Glasses Handbook Physical Properties and Data (CRC Press, US, 2002). 

Table 1. Physical Properties and Toxicity Data of Nitro Alcohols ...

T. Cairns and J. Sherma, eds.. Comprehensive Analytical Profiles of Important Pesticides, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1992, 304 pp. From the series ModemMethods for Pesticide Analysis, provides detailed information on properties and analytical methodology for nine prominent pesticides, pyrethroids, and fumigants in food. Includes formulations and uses, chemical and physical properties, toxicity data, and tolerances on various foods and feeds. Analytical information may be given in enough detail for methods to be carried out without having to consult additional Hterature sources. 

Physical Properties and Spectral Data ofTerpenes and Terpenoids... 

AccuracyAJncertainty The lack of specific data on component failure characteristics, chemical and physical properties, and phenomena severely limit accuracy and can produce large uncertainties. 

There are literally many thousands of chemical compounds that are potential air pollutants. It would be impossible to present all the pertinent data and information needed to evaluate each and every air pollution scenario. There are, however, a wealth of information and data bases that are available on the worldwide Web, along with a number of standard hard copy references to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties, and health risks of potential atmospheric contaminants. 

Dl = diffusivity of transferring solute in liquid, m /sec If the diffusivity, Dl, needed for use in the above equations is not known, it can be estimated from data or methods given in the Perry s Chemical Engineers, Handbook (Section 14 in 4th Edition or Section 3 in 5th Edition). Note that the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients for a given regime involves only physical properties and is independent of agitation conditions. 

Kister and Haas [184] recommend using 25 dynes/cm in Equation 8-286 when the actual surface tension is a 25 dynes/cm. This correlation is reported [94, 184] to give better effects of physical properties, and predicts most sieve and valve tray entrainment flood data to 15 to 20%, respectively. 

Dimensions, physical properties, and unit weight of new, conventional drill collars are specified in Tables 4-71, 4-72, and 4-73, respectively. Technical data on square and spiral drill collars are available from manufacturers. 

The following discussion describes each test briefly and examines the significance of these data to the refiner. The E-cat results are divided into catalytic properties, physical properties, and chemical analysis. 

Corrosion resistance data lists on specific materials offered for sale. However the engineer must also consider mechanical and physical properties and, last but not least, the cost of the material, its fabrication and protection. Thus reference must be made to books, journals and data that provide this information. 

Determine physical property and kinetic data from the literature or laboratory studies. 

Sources of data on costs were discussed in Chapter 6 and materials of construction in Chapter 7. This chapter covers sources of information on manufacturing processes and physical properties and the estimation of physical property data. Information on the types of equipment (unit operations) used in chemical process plants is given in Volume 2, and in the Chapters concerned with equipment selection and design in this Volume, Chapters 10, 11 and 12. 

International Critical Tables (1933) is still probably the most comprehensive compilation of physical properties, and is available in most reference libraries. Though it was first published in 1933, physical properties do not change, except in as much as experimental techniques improve, and ICT is still a useful source of engineering data. ICT is now available as an ebook and can be referenced on the Internet through Knovel (2003). 

Elsevier have published a series of volumes on physical property and thermodynamic data. Those of use in design are included in the Bibliography at the end of this chapter. 

The sensitivity to the particular property how much will a small error in the property affect the design calculation. For example, it was shown in Chapter 4 that the estimation of the optimum pipe diameter is insensitive to viscosity. The sensitivity of a design method to errors in physical properties, and other data, can be checked by repeating the calculation using slightly altered values. 

As baghouse dust accounts for a minimum of the total foundry solid waste, less attention is placed on characterizing this wastestream. Few data are available giving its physical properties and chemical composition. Visually, it is a very fine powder, dark gray in color. The dust may demonstrate physical properties that are similar to clay soils. 

Although the basic mechanisms are generally agreed on, the difficult part of the model development is to provide the model with the rate constants, physical properties and other model parameters needed for computation. For copolymerizations, there is only meager data available, particularly for cross-termination rate constants and Trommsdorff effects. In the development of our computer model, the considerable data available on relative homopolymerization rates of various monomers, relative propagation rates in copolymerization, and decomposition rates of many initiators were used. They were combined with various assumptions regarding Trommsdorff effects, cross termination constants and initiator efficiencies, to come up with a computer model flexible enough to treat quantitatively the polymerization processes of interest to us. 

Availability of Physical Properties Data and Model Parameters. We have found that the development of a data base for physical properties and other model parameters is as time consuming, and intellectually demanding, as the development of the model itself. One will be surprised to know, for example, that vapor pressure data at around 25°C for many commonly used solvents are non-existent. 

Sustained support of programs and data base for physical properties and model parameters. 

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