Selected Physical Property Data

Note The formulas lor gases are strictly applicable at pressures low enough for the ideal gas equation of state to apply. 

---

Selected Physical Property Data (molecular weights, specific gravities of solids and liquids, melting and boiling points, heats of fusion and vaporization, critical temperature and pressure, standard heats of formation and combustion)... 

Many predictions and correlations of thermodynamic physical data have been published [1-3], This chapter reviews physical property data for liquids and gases and presents computer programs to calculate these properties for a range of temperature and correlation constants. Appendix A provides tables of some selected physical property data. 

Other chapters deal with utility systems, cell room design and arrangement (with an emphasis on direct current supply), alternative processes for the production of either chlorine or caustic without the other, the production of hypochlorite, industrial hygiene, and speculations on future developments in technology. There is an Appendix with selected physical property data. 

Table 7. Die Attach Adhesives and Their Formulation Type with Selected Physical Property Data ... 

Selected physical properties are given ia Table 4. The nmr data (97) and ir and Raman spectra (98) have also been determined. Thermodynamic functions have been calculated from spectral data (99). 

Selected physical properties of various methacrylate esters, amides, and derivatives are given in Tables 1—4. Tables 3 and 4 describe more commercially available methacrylic acid derivatives. A2eotrope data for MMA are shown in Table 5 (8). The solubiUty of MMA in water at 25°C is 1.5%. Water solubiUty of longer alkyl methacrylates ranges from slight to insoluble. Some functionalized esters such as 2-dimethylaniinoethyl methacrylate are miscible and/or hydrolyze. The solubiUty of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in water at 25°C is 13%. Vapor—Hquid equiUbrium (VLE) data have been pubHshed on methanol, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid pairs (9), as have solubiUty data for this ternary system (10). VLE data are also available for methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl a-hydroxyisobutyrate, methanol, and water, which are the critical components obtained in the commercially important acetone cyanohydrin route to methyl methacrylate (11). 

P. A. Gupte, M. Nagvekar, R. P. Danner, and T. E. Daubert, Documentation of the Basis for Selection of the Contents of Chapters Phase Equilibrium in Manualfor Predicting Chemical Process Design Data, Design Institute for Physical Property Data (AIChE), (1987). 

Compiled from Daubert, T. E., R. R Danner, H. M. Sibul, and C. C. Stebbins, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Compound Properties, Project 801 Sponsor Release, July, 1993, Design Institute for Physical Property Data, AlChE, New York, NY and from Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Thermodynamics Research Center Hydrocarbon Project, Texas A M University, College Station, Texas (extant 1994). 

Table 1 is a compilation of chemical and physical properties data for selected atmospheric contaminants. This information is useful for evaluating pollution problems. The following are abbreviations used in the table. 

Limited amounts of other chemical and physical property data have been reported in the literature for diamondoids [5, 9-30]. What is available is mostly for low molecular weight diamondoids. In what follows we report and analyze a selection of the available property data for diamondoids. 

Sources of data on costs were discussed in Chapter 6 and materials of construction in Chapter 7. This chapter covers sources of information on manufacturing processes and physical properties and the estimation of physical property data. Information on the types of equipment (unit operations) used in chemical process plants is given in Volume 2, and in the Chapters concerned with equipment selection and design in this Volume, Chapters 10, 11 and 12. 

The principal factors affecting solvent-ion interactions can be classified as ion-dipole, Lewis acid-base, hydrogen-bonding, solvent structural, and steric. The solvent obviously plays a major part in these interactions. Therefore, to interpret trends in conductance data, bulk solvent properties such as viscosity and dielectric constant should be considered. Table 1 lists selected physical properties for a number of organic solvents. 

A number of physical property data are required for correct calculation of the interfacial tension, e.g., the densities of the primary and secondary fluids at the selected temperature. These should be obtained either from the literature or through preliminary experiments. 

The section entitled Thermodynamic Data contains references which include thermodynamic properties and also chemical reaction equilibria data, physical property data, and specific formulae required in calculations. It is difficult to select the best source as each provided different information. 

Properties interact with the end product requirements such as product size, flowability through the mold and cycle times to determine necessary pressure and output requirements of the processing equipment. To begin your chemical system selection, write a performance specification for the product. Recommended formulations for specific product types have been thoroughly tested and evaluated by the chemical companies selling them. The chemical companies can provide you with the physical property data of the formuladon. 

Pure component physical property data for the five species in our simulation of the HDA process were obtained from Chemical Engineering (1975) (liquid densities, heat capacities, vapor pressures, etc.). Vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior was assumed to be ideal. Much of the flowsheet and equipment design information was extracted from Douglas (1988). We have also determined certain design and control variables (e.g., column feed locations, temperature control trays, overhead receiver and column base liquid holdups.) that are not specified by Douglas. Tables 10.1 to 10.4 contain data for selected process streams. These data come from our TMODS dynamic simulation and not from a commercial steady-state simulation package. The corresponding stream numbers are shown in Fig. 10.1. In our simulation, the stabilizer column is modeled as a component splitter and tank. A heater is used to raise the temperature of the liquid feed stream to the product column. Table 10.5 presents equipment data and Table 10.6 compiles the heat transfer rates within process equipment. 

Abercrombie, P.L. (2003). Physical property data review of selected chemical agents and related compounds Updating Field Manual 3-9 (FM 3-9). ECBC-TR-294. Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. 

After reviewing the health effects and chemical/physical property data bases, EPA has tentatively selected about 40 additional organic compounds for inclusion in the Toxicity Characteristic at this time (Tab. 1). EPA anticipates that the list of toxicants to be included in the Toxicity Characteristic will be periodically expanded as more information regarding additional compounds is developed. 

---