Physical oceanography

Other localities and are listed in Table III comparison shows that, while Long Island Sound is a tidally dominated estuary, it is one of intermediate specific dissipation. 

The tide advances up the Connecticut and the Housatonic Rivers as a progressive wave (Le Lacheur and Sammons, 1932). Tides and circulation in the Thames River are described by Tolderlund (1975). The East River is a tidal straight with most of its tidal prism derived from New York Harbor (Bowman, 1976a). 

Long Island Sound is connected to the sea by three passes at its eastern end and by the East River (through New York Harbor) at its western end. The principal source of fresh water entering the Sound is the Connecticut River, which enters near the eastern end, as shown in Fig. 11. Thus the Sound does not have the conventional configuration of an estuary with 

Chandeleur Sound (Hart and Murray, 1978) Narragansett Bay (Levine and Kenyon, 1975) Long Island Sound Irish Sea (Taylor, 1919) 

In addition to receiving fresh water, large quantities of wastes and sediment are inserted into the Sound. The injection of sewage wastes and, for comparison, the inflow of fresh water, along the axis of the Sound is shown in Fig. 11 (after Bowman, 1975). New York City is the dominant source of wastes and, because they are inserted where the natural circulation is weakest, they represent the main cause of environmental degradation of the Sound at the present time. Bowman (1976a) has shown how this problem could be resolved by the construction of tidal locks across the East River. The principal source of sediment entering the 

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After L. V. Worthington (1981). The water masses of the world ocean some results of a fine-scale census. In "Evolution of Physical Oceanography" (B. A. Warren and C. Wunsch, eds), pp. 42-69. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 

Pickard, G. L. and Emery, W. J. (1982). Descriptive Physical Oceanography," 4th edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 

J. A. Knauss, An Introduction to Physical Oceanography, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1978, p. 2. 

Mass spectrometry (MS) has traditionally played a major role in both the chemical and geological subdisciplines of oceanographic research, but more recently has been introduced into the field of biological oceanography. It has also been used to a limited extent in physical oceanography, primarily for carbon dating and ocean circulation experiments that use 14C tracers. The advent of in situ mass spectrometers... 

Section of Meteorology and the atmospheric-electric branch of the Section of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity the oceans by the Section of Physical Oceanography the large land masses by the Section of Geodesy volcanoes as units by the Section of Volcanology. 

The CRC Marine Science Series is dedicated to providing state-of-the-art coverage of important topics in marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and physical oceanography. The series includes volumes that focus on the synthesis of recent advances in marine science. 

Officer, C.B. (1976) Physical Oceanography of Estuaries (and Associated Coastal Waters). John Wiley, New York. 

Thus, this book presents a systematization and description of the knowledge accumulated today on the physical oceanography, marine chemistry and pollution, and marine biology of the Black Sea. Special attention is paid to socioeconomic, legal, and political problems in the Black Sea region. Mean-... 

Ivanov LI, Besiktepe S, Ozsoy E (1997) Physical oceanography variability in the Black Sea pycnocline. In Ozsoy E, Mikaelyan A (eds) Sensitivity to change Black Sea, Baltic Sea and Northern Sea. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 265... 

Unliiata U, Oguz T, Latif MA, Ozsoy E (1990) On the physical oceanography of the Turkish straits. In Pratt LG (ed) The physical oceanography of sea straits. Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam, p 25... 

Martin JHA, Hall WB (1975) Changes in physical, chemical and phytoplankton parameters in the northern North Sea, 1961-1970. ICES, CM 1975/C 33 l-4 Otto L, Zimmermann JTF, Furnes GK, Mork M, Saetre R, Becker G (1990) Review of physical oceanography of the North Sea. Neth J Sea Res 26 161-238 Owens NJP, Cook D, Colebrook M, Hunt H, Reid PC (1989) Long-term trends in the occurrence of Phaeo-cystis sp. In the North-East Atlantic Ocean. J Mar Biol Ass UK 69 813-821... 

Wassmann P, Svendsen H, Keck A, Reigstad M (1996) Selected aspects of the physical oceanography and particle fluxes in fjords of northern Norway. J Mar Syst 8 53-71... 

Swallow, J. (1984). Some aspects of the physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 31, 639-650. 

Wyrtki, K. (1973). Physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean. In The Biology of the Indian Ocean (Zeitzschel, B., ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 18—36. 

Two areas of focus within oceanography today are physical and chemical oceanography. Physical oceanography is the study of ocean basin stractures, water and sediment transportation, and the interplay between ocean water, air and sediments and how this relationship effects processes such as tides, upwellings, temperature, and salinity. Findings aid oceanic engineers, coastal planners, and military defense strategists. Current areas of research include oceanic circulation—especially ocean... 

Gnanadesikan, A. and R. Halberg (2002) Physical oceanography, thermal structure and general circulation. In Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (ed. R. A. Meyers). San Diego, CA Academic Press. 

Picard, G.L. and W.J. Emery (1982) Descriptive Physical Oceanography. Oxford Pei amon Press. 

Huthnance, J. M., 1978. On coastal trapped waves analysis and numerical calculation by inverse iteration. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 8, 74-92. 

Lee, C. M., Eriksen, C. C., 1996. The subinertial momentum balance of the North Atlantic Subtropical Convergence Zone. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26, 1690-1704. 

Mackinnon, J. A., Gregg, M. C., 2005. Shear and baroclinic energy flux on the summer New England shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 35, 2425-2443. 

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