R Wave Progression

Normal 12-lead ECG recorded with standard lead positioning Same ECG with limb leads swapped over. Note positive aVR while lead I, II and aVL are now negatively deflected Misplaced chest leads causing a change in R wave progression Somatic muscle tremor in multiple leads, seen predominantly in leads II and III... 

Figure 3.6 shows an ECG with leads V2 and V4 swapped over. The resulting abnormal R wave progression should alert the interpreter to the error made. 

Fig. 3.5 normal R wave progression seen in the leads Vi-Vg on a 12-lead ECG... 

Fig. 3.6 Misplaced chest leads causing a change in R wave progression...

Correct lead placement (R wave progression/lead aVR)... 

Tachycardia is often initially present, followed by bradycardia. Blood pressure may be elevated at first, but often followed by developing hypotension. The ECG often shows increased T-wave amplitude, progressive shortening of the S-T segment, and eventual origin of the T-wave high on the R-wave (DeBush and Seidel, 1969 Wexler et al., 1947). Third-degree heart block may occur (Lee-Jones et al., 1970). 

As an SVT causes signal input below the atrio-ventricular (AV) node at progressively more rapid rates one of the bundle branches may cease conducting temporarily due to its refractory period being reached. What can happen then is the R wave morphology recorded by the ventricular defibrillator lead may change due to the alteration in ventricular activation. 

R. I. Gustavsen, S. A. Sheffield and R. R. Alcon Progress in Measuring Detonation Wave Profiles in PBX9501 , Eleventh Symposium (International) on Detonation, ONR 33300-5, 821-827 (1998). 

Hunter, S. C. (1960a) Viscoelastic Waves , Progress in Solid Mechanics 7, ed. by R. Hill, I.N. Sneddon (North-Holland, Amsterdam)... 

When R = 1 the thermal wave progresses through the bed more or less at the same speed as the mass transfer zone. Hence, virtually all the heat released on adsorption can be expected to be retained in the MTZ and the isothermal assumption should not be made unless either the heat of adsorption is low and/or the concentration of the adsorbable component is low. When R is very much less than unity the thermal wave lags behind the MTZ and hence the heat of adsorption can be retained in the equilibrium portion of the bed (that is, from the entrance up to Le shown in Figure 5.6 (b)). Retention of the heat of adsorption in this way is beneficial to the subsequent desorption step (Garg and Ausikaitis 1983). When R is very much greater than unity the heat is easily removed from the MTZ and it is safe to invoke the isothermal assumption. Further discussion on the crossover ratio is given in Section 7.5.3. 

Benner R, Browne T, Bruckner H, Kelletat D, Scheffers A (2010) Boulder transport by waves progress in physical modeling. Zeit Geomorphol 54(Suppl. 3) 127-146. doi 10.1127/0372-8854/2010/0054s3-... 

R waves should progress normally through the precordial leads. Note that the R wave in this strip is the first positive deflection in the QRS complex. Also note that the S wave gets smaller, or regresses, from lead V, to Vg until it finally disappears. 

This 12-lead electrocardiogram shows typical characteristics (Vj, Vj, V4) of an anterior-wall myocardial infarction (Ml). Note that the R waves don t progress through the precordial leads. Also note the ST-segment elevation in leads Vj and Vj. As expected, the reciprocal leads II, III, and aVp show slight ST-segment depression. 

P.D. Wilcox, R.S.C. Monkhouse, M.J.S. Lowe and P. Cawley, The use of Huygens principle to model the acoustic field from interdigital Lamb wave transducers, Review of Progress in Quantitative NDE, Vol 17, Plenum Press, New York, 1998 (in press). 

Figure 7.21 illustrates a particular case where the maximum of the v = 4 wave function near to the classical turning point is vertically above that of the v" = 0 wave function. The maximum contribution to the vibrational overlap integral is indicated by the solid line, but appreciable contributions extend to values of r within the dashed lines. Clearly, overlap integrals for A close to four are also appreciable and give an intensity distribution in the v" = 0 progression like that in Figure 7.22(b). 

Brown, D. M. and Nolan, P. R, The Interaction of Shock Waves on Cylindrical Structures, Plant Operations Progress, V. 6, No. 

D. R. Hartree, Reports on Progress in Physics 11, 113 (1948) this survey is brought up to date in D. R. Hartree, The Calculation of Atomic Structures Wiley and Sons, New York, and Chapman and Hall, London, 1957. See also R. S. Knox, Bibliography of Atomic Wave Functions/ in Solid State Physics (Seitz and Turnbull, eds.), Academic Press, New York, 1957, Yol. 4, p. 413. 

Solutions to the Schrodinger equation Hcj) = E(f> are the molecular wave functions 0, that describe the entangled motion of the three particles such that (j) 4> represents the density of protons and electron as a joint probability without any suggestion of structure. Any other molecular problem, irrespective of complexity can also be developed to this point. No further progress is possible unless electronic and nuclear variables are separated via the adiabatic simplification. In the case of Hj that means clamping the nuclei at a distance R apart to generate a Schrodinger equation for electronic motion only, in atomic units,... 

Crane Sh. L., University of California Press, Berkeley, California 1982 Los Alamos Shock Wave Profil Data. Hrsg. Morris, Ch. ., University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 1982 Shock Waves, Explosions and Detonations, Hrsg. Bowen, J. Ft., Manson, N., Oppenheim, A. K. und Soloukhin, R. /., AIAA, New York 1983 (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. 87)... 

R. Pregla, MoL-BPM Method of Lines Based Beam Propagation Method, in W. P. Huang (Ed.), Methods for Modeling and Simulation of Guided-Wave Optoelectronic Devices, Progress in Electromagnetic Research 11 (Elsevier, New York, 1995). 

Refs 1) Progress Report No 3, Jan 1-Mar 31, 1954, Explosives and Physical Science Division, USBurMines, "Detonation and Explosives Phenomena 2) E.L. Kendrew E.G. Whitbread, "The Transition from Shock Wave to Detonation in 60/40 - RDX/TNT , 3rdONRSympDeton(1960), p 580 Fig 4 on p 582 3) W.R. Marlow, "Retonation Caused... 

OSRD 114 (Ref 29b) contained also a discussion of shock and rarefaction waves based upon the "Riemann formulation of the equation of hydrodynamics . The Rayleigh (Ref 6b) solution of the Riemann equation for a simple progressive wave is given. In this case the Riemann s line (See our eq 1) is constant over a region and the r lines are therefore straight. Then... 

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