Phthalocyanine resin

Almost all of the OX that is recovered is used to produce phthaUc anhydride. PhthaUc anhydride is a basic building block for plasticizers used in flexible PVC resins, for polyester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics, and for alkyd resins used for surface coatings. OX is also used to manufacture phthalonitrile, which is converted to copper phthalocyanine, a pigment. 

Practical methods for synthesis and elucidation of the optimum physical forms were developed at Du Pont (13). The violets fill the void in the color gamut when the inorganics are inadequate. The quinacridones may be used in most resins except polymers such as nylon-6,6, polystyrene, and ABS. They are stable up to 275°C and show excellent weatherabiUty. One use is to shade phthalocyanines to match Indanthrone Blue. In carpeting, the quinacridones are recommended for polypropylene, acrylonitrile, polyester, and nylon-6 filaments. Predispersions in plastici2ers ate used in thermoset polyesters, urethanes, and epoxy resins (14). 

We have demonstrated a new class of effective, recoverable thermormorphic CCT catalysts capable of producing colorless methacrylate oligomers with narrow polydispersity and low molecular weight. For controlled radical polymerization of simple alkyl methacrylates, the use of multiple polyethylene tails of moderate molecular weight (700 Da) gave the best balance of color control and catalyst activity. Porphyrin-derived thermomorphic catalysts met the criteria of easy separation from product resin and low catalyst loss per batch, but were too expensive for commercial implementation. However, the polyethylene-supported cobalt phthalocyanine complex is more economically viable due to its greater ease of synthesis. 

P.B.15 3, like stabilized a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, markedly affects the hardening of unsaturated polyester cast resins. The list of applications also includes PUR foam materials, office articles, such as colored pencils, wax crayons, and water colors, as well as spin dyeing of polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, secondary acetate, polyamide, polyester, and viscose. Used in polyester spin dyeing, P.B.15 3 satisfies the thermal requirements of the condensation process (Sec. 1.8.3.8). 1/3 and 1/25 SD samples equal step 7-8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Textile fastnesses, such as stability to wet and dry crocking are perfect. 

P.V.23 is a favorite shading pigment for use in emulsion paints, where it lends a reddish tinge to Phthalocyanine Blue shades. Excellent weatherfastness makes it a suitable candidate for exterior application in media based on synthetic resin dispersions. The systems are fast to alkali and plaster. 

Another class of co-reactants leads to entirely different behavior, however. By providing a redox pathway to phthalocyanine (7), hydroquinone promotes a very different network structure, and this difference shows up clearly in Figure 4. This resin still shows the cryogenic damping peak, the +50°C peak which has been attributed to crosslinked structures is very prominent, but the Tg is hardly visible. 

Direct Dyes. These water-soluble anionic dyes, when dyed from aqueous solution in the presence of electrolytes, are substantive to, i.e., have high affinity for, cellu-losic fibers. Their principal use is the dyeing of cotton and regenerated cellulose, paper, leather, and, to a lesser extent, nylon. Most of the dyes in this class are polyazo compounds, along with some stilbenes, phthalocyanines, and oxazines. Aftertreatments, frequently applied to the dyed material to improve washfastness properties, include chelation with salts of metals (usually copper or chromium), and treatment with formaldehyde or a cationic dye-complexing resin. 

Stability of the Dye-Fiber Bond. Because of the large variety of reactive dyes, generalizations about colorfastness are difficult. While wetfastness is determined mainly by the anchor system used, most other fastness properties depend on the dye as a whole or the chromophore present. Most reactive dyes are azo or anthra-quinone derivatives whose standard of fastness varies greatly. Phthalocyanine, formazan, and triphenodioxazine derivatives are also very important. In addition, application conditions and finishing processes of the dyed goods can affect fastness properties. Thus, with some resin-finished textiles (dimethylolpropyleneurea finish) a decrease in lightfastness is observed. 

Komai, A., Shirane, N., Ito, Y. and Terui, S. (1977). Copper phthalocyanine in p crystal form—which is redder than a type and used for textile printing, resin coloring and in printing ink. Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo, Ltd. Patent DE 2 659 211. [266]... 

Suzuki, Y., Fujita, T., Hayashi, Y. and Okayasu, H. (1989a). New crystal type copper phthalocyanine—is useful in ink, paint and coloring material for resins as high temperature use organic pigment. Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. Patent JP 1153758 Chem. Abstr, 111, 235058z. [267]... 

DBU and its salts have been utilized in the manufacture of polyisocyanate binders (85GEP3328662), metal phthalocyanine polymers (85JAP(K)47027), and resin-sealed light-emitting apparatus (85JAP(K)70781). 

The acidic condition of the resin reduces the compatibility with many pigments, especially those made with basic metals, such as zinc, lead, etc. Some apparently inert pigments contain small amounts of impurities that are basic, thus causing reactivity with the resin. Phthalocyanine blue is an example. This means that only the purest pigments should be used. 

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