Phthalocyanine blues

The phthalocyanine blues are particularly useful for nitrocellulose lacquers in low concentrations as a pigment highly resistant to alkali, acid, and color change. 

This substance resembles hemin which is contained in haemoglobin as 

A bright cobaltic blue powder, which has a specific gravity of 1.6. 

It is quite stable, and is generally used as a pigment. Insoluble in water or alcohol, very slightly soluble in acetone producing a yellow colour. 

When heated it is not easily decomposed and sublimes over 500 C. When heated for a long time below 500°C it decomposes slowly to generate white smoke. 

This gives smoke of a very pretty bright cobaltic blue. The daylight firework display has become remarkably pretty from the use of this dye in place of indigo, which gives only a dark blue smoke. 

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See also Phthalocyanine Blue.) [PHTTTALOCYANINE COPE>OUNDS] (Vol 18) PigmentBlue Id [574-93-6]... 

Phthalocyanine Blues. a-Copper phthalocyanine blue is a reddish species used primarily in coatings and plastics. Several varieties are marketed. The basic form, the unstable Pigment Blue 15 [147-14-8] (Cl 74160), is used in water-based paints, paints containing weak petroleum solvents, and in certain plastics, eg, PVC, that require mild processing conditions. 

Metal-free copper phthalocyanine blue, ie. Pigment Blue 16 [574-93-6] is one of the eadiest forms of phthalocyanine. Environmental concerns about copper in pigments tended to increase the use of metal-free copper phthalocyanine, but certain shortcomings (greenish hue, lack of stabiHty in aromatic solvents) allowed only specialty uses (109). The stabiH2ed a-NC-type is used in certain automotive coatings. 

Phthalocyanines have been used to incorporate semiconductor properties in polymers (182) or to develop a thin-film transistor (183). Phthalocyanines and their derivatives can act as dyes in color photography (qv) (184) or electrophotography (185). Light-sensitive compositions for use on Hthographic plates are comprised in part of copper phthalocyanine blue (186). Dichlorosilicon phthalocyanine [19333-10-9] has been used in the... 

Phthalocyanine pigments account for approximately 23% of the total worldwide organic pigment consumption of 225,000 tons. Approximately 20,000 t are used in printing inks, 10,000 t in paints, 9,000 t in plastics, 3,000 t in textiles, 7,000 t in dyes, and 2,000 t in specialty uses. Table 1 shows the worldwide distribution of cmde phthalocyanine capacity. The production history of phthalocyanine in the United States from 1980 to 1990 is given in Table 2 (161). The 1990 prices of phthalocyanine blue and green pigments were ca 11—22/kg and 21—27/kg, respectively. 

Table 2. U.S. Production of Phthalocyanine Blue and Green Pigments, t ...

In 1991, no detailed figures were pubHshed for phthalocyanine blue, but the total volume dropped 3.3% compared to 1990. Value is estimated. 

Dioxazine Violet. Carba2ole Dioxa2ine Violet is prepared by the reaction of two moles of 2-ainino-A/-ethylcarba2ole with chloranil. This violet may be used in most plastics for shading phthalocyanine blues, because it has comparable light fastness. At relatively high temperatures, it may be subject to slow decomposition. 

Replacement of the hydrogens ia Phthalocyanine Blue by chlorine gives a blue—green. If bromine replaces chlorine, the shades become yellower, progressively yielding pigments designated 2Y, 3Y, 6Y, and 8Y (see PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUNDS). 

Phthalocyanine Blue, pigment for plastics, 7 367t, 374t... 

Phthalocyanine blues, 14 318 Phthalocyanine Green, pigment for plastics, 7 367t Phthalocyanine green, 14 318 Phthaloyl chlorides, 19 715 pH values... 

Conversion of crude blue into copper phthalocyanine blue pigments... 

A dimethoxy analogue of Black 5 has also been marketed but this (7.69) has not been so successful as it is more expensive to make, greener in hue and thus less suitable as a basis for black. Structures of the bis(sulphatoethylsulphone) type have been commercialised in other sectors of the colour gamut, including the bluish red 1 2 metal-complex Cl Reactive Red 23 (7.70), anthrquinone blues such as the symmetrical structure 7.71 and phthalocyanine blues similar to 7.72. 

The complex mechanism underlying this dispersion process of the epsilon modification of phthalocyanine blue is conceptually resolved into three steps ... 

It has often been observed that the coloristic properties of an organic pigment are a function not only of the size of particles but also of their shape. This is due to the anisotropy of the optical properties in different crystallographic directions within the crystal forms of a pigment. In 1974 [5, 6], it was demonstrated that of the equally sized but differently shaped particles of beta copper phthalocyanine blue, the almost completely cubic, i.e., more or less isometric form produces greenish blue shades, while acicular forms are responsible for reddish blue hues. The optical behavior of ordered pigment particles in systems has been reported in the literature [7, 8]. 

The correlation between rheological data and the most frequent particle diameter Dmf has been studied on a dispersion of the gamma modification of Pigment Violet 19 and various types of copper phthalocyanine blue in an offset vehicle on... 

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