Photobacterium

To identify the specific aldehyde that is actually involved in the light-emitting reaction of living luminous bacteria, Shimomura et al. (1974a) extracted and purified the aldehyde from 40 g each of the bacterial cells of P. phosphoreum, Achromobacter (Vibrio or Photobacterium) fischeri, and an aldehydeless mutant of A. fischeri. The aldehyde fractions were purified, and then oxidized with Tollens reagent (silver oxide dissolved in ammonia) to convert the CHO group into the COOH group. Then the acids obtained were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results indicated that P. phosphoreum had contained a mixture of aldehydes dodecanal (5%), tetradecanal (63%) and hexadecanal (30%), as shown in Table 2.2. Thus, tetradecanal was clearly predominant in... 

Eberhard, A., et al. (1981). Structural identification of autoinducer of Photobacterium fischeri luciferase. Biochemistry 20 2444-2449. 

Koda, P., and Lee, J. (1979). Separation and structure of the prosthetic group of the blue fluorescence protein from the bioluminescent bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76 3068-3072. 

Kulinski, T., Visser, A. J. W. G., O Kane, D. J., and Lee, J. (1987). Spectroscopic investigations of the single tryptophan residue and of riboflavin and 7-oxolumazine bound to lumazine apoprotein from Photobacterium leiognathi. Biochemistry 26 540-549. 

Lee, J. (1990). Lumazine protein and the bioluminescence of Photobacterium. In Curtius, H.-C., et al. (eds.), Chem. Biol. Pteridines, Proc. Int. Symp. Pteridines Folic Acid Deriv., 9th, 1989, pp. 445-456. de Gruyter, Berlin. 

Nakamura, T., and Matsuda, K. (1971). Studies on luciferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum. 1. Purification and physical properties. /. Biochem. 70 35-44. 

O Kane, D. J., and Lee, J. (1985). Physical characterization of lumazine proteins from Photobacterium. Biochemistry 24 1484-1488. 

Petushkov, V. N., Gibson, G. B., and Lee, J. (1995). Properties of recombinant fluorescent proteins from Photobacterium leiognathi and their interaction with luciferase intermediates. Biochemistry 34 3300-3309. 

Sakharov, G. N., Ismailov, A. D., and Danilov, V. S. (1988). Temperature dependencies of the reaction of bacterial luciferases from Beneckea har-veyi and Photobacterium fischeri. Biokhimiya 53 891-898. 

Watanabe, H., and Hastings, J. W. (1990). Inhibition of bioluminescence in Photobacterium phosphoreum by sulfamethizole and its stimulation by thymine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1017 229-234. 

Watanabe, T., Mimura, N., Takimoto, A., and Nakamura, T. (1975). Luminescence and respiratory activities of Photobacterium phosphoreum. Competition for cellular reducing power. J. Biochem. 77 1147-1155. 

In general, there has been good agreement between PyMS-derived classification results and results from standard taxonomic methods. This agreement was seen from comparative studies on Carnobacterium,57 Fusobacterium,5s Pep-tostreptococcus,59 Photobacterium,60 Prevotella,61 Rothia,62 Streptococcus,63 and Streptomyces.m PyMS was also used, together with molecular and numerical... 

The bacterial bioluminescent reaction is also catalyzed by a luciferase (EC 1.14.14.3) isolated from marine bacteria. The four most studied types are Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum and Photobacterium leiognathi18, 19. In these different luminescent bacteria the... 

Kamlet, M. J., Doherty, R. M., Veith, G. D., Taft, R. W., Abraham, M. H. (1986) Solubility properties in polymers and biological media. 7. An analysis toxicant properties that influence inhibition of bioluminescence in Photobacterium phosphoreum (the Microtox test). Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 690-695. 

Vibrio fischeri has recently been reclassified as Photobacterium fischeri. 

Luminescent bacteria also allow detection of the carcinogenic effect of ge-notoxics. A dark mutant of a Photobacterium or Vibrio strain that can revert back to luminescence at an increased rate in the presence of base-substitutes or frame-shifts agents, DNA-damaging agents, DNA synthesis inhibitors, and DNA intercalating agents can be employed [171, 172],... 

Water toxicity—use of Photobacterium phosphoreum on concentrated 175, 176 water extracts of rivers Tormes (Spain) and Po (Italy)... 

Toxicity of sediments comparison between Photobacterium phosphoreum 177 and Microtox system... 

Okuzumi et al. (1990) investigated the relationship between microflora on horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) and the dominant spoilage bacteria. The results of their study showed that Pseudomonas I/II, Pseudomonas III/IV-NH, Vibrio, and Photobacterium were dominant when high levels of putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine were detected. 

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