Vibrio Strains

Luminescent bacteria also allow detection of the carcinogenic effect of ge-notoxics. A dark mutant of a Photobacterium or Vibrio strain that can revert back to luminescence at an increased rate in the presence of base-substitutes or frame-shifts agents, DNA-damaging agents, DNA synthesis inhibitors, and DNA intercalating agents can be employed [171, 172],... 

Okoh AI, Igbinosa EO (2010) Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of some Vibrio strains isolated from waste water final effluents in a rural community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. BMC Microbiol 10 143... 

Bordas, M. A., Balebona, C., Rodriguez-Maroto, J. M., Borrego, J. J., and Morinigo, M. A., Chemotaxis of Vibrio strains towards mucus surfaces of guilt-head sea bream (Spams aurata L.), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 1573, 1998. 

An organism tentatively identified as Vibrio strain that was able to degrade the 2-carboxylates of furan, pyrrole, and thiophene (Evans and Venables 1990). 

Siderophores isolated from marine microorganisms contain iron-binding moieties similar to their terrestrial counterparts catecholates, hydroxamates, and a-hydroxycarboxylates. Isolated hydroxamates include Ferrioxamine from Vibrio strain BLI-4, the aquachelins " from Halo-monas aquamaria, and the marinobactins " from Marinobacter species DS40M6 and DS40M8. Petrobactin from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus includes both catecholate and citrate... 

MOLINA-AJA A, GRACIA-GASCA A, ABRUE-GROBOIS A, BOLAN-MEJIA C, ROQUE A and GOMEZ GIL B (2002) Plasmid profiling and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio strains isolated from cultured penaeid shrimp, FEMS Microbiol Lett, 213,7-12. 

Alanyl griseoluteic acid (46) was isolated from Vibrio strains and Erwinia herbicola and exhibited antibiotic activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as a n Erwinia pathogen. ... 

A number of reports have indicated that vibrio strains survive better in water above a rather considerable sediment in laboratory microcosms (Xu et al., 1982 Singleton et al., 1982 Guthrie and Scovill... 

Cho, K. W., Colepicolo, P., and Hastings, J. W. (1989). Autoinduction and aldehyde chain-length effects on the bioluminescent emission from the yellow protein associated with luciferase in Vibrio fischeri strain Y-lb. Photochetn. Photobiol. 50 671-677. 

Daubner, S. C., and Baldwin, T. O. (1989). Interaction between luciferase from various species of bioluminescent bacteria and the Yellow Fluorescent Protein of Vibrio fischeri strain Y-l. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161 1191-1198. 

Daubner, S. C., Astorga, A. M., Leisman, G. B., and Balwin, T. O. (1987). Yellow light emission of Vibrio barveyi strain Y-l purification and characterization of the energy-accepting yellow fluorescent protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84 8912-8916. 

Karatani, H., and Hastings, J. W. (1993). Two active forms of the accessory yellow fluorescence protein of the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri strain Yl. J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 18 227-232. 

In the gut, many pathogens adhere to the gut wall and produce their toxic effect via toxins which pervade the surrounding gut wall or enter the systemic circulation. Vibrio cholerae and some enteropathic E. coli strains localize on the gut wall and produce toxins which increase vascular permeability. The end result is a hypersecretion of isotonic fluids into the gut lumen, acute diarrhoea and consequent dehydration which may be fatal in juveniles and the elderly. In all these instances, binding to epithelial cells is not essential but increases permeation ofthe toxin and prolongs the presence of the pathogen. 

Similar to catechins, several studies have reported that proanthocyanidins exhibit a more or less pronoimced antibacterial activity. Chimg et al. [76] reported that proanthocyanidins determine the growth inhibition of strains of Aeromonas spp.. Bacillus spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium per-fringens, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.. Pseudomonas spp.. Shigella spp., S. aureus. Streptococcus spp., and Vibrio spp. 

Figure 6.3 Differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticiis strains by region of clinical outbreak, showing the correlation of a mass spectral feature (near dotted line), the region of clinical outbreak, and the presence or absence of the TDH gene in control organisms. (From a linear TOF, reported at the American Society for Mass Spectrometry in...

Figure 6.4 Expanded portion of the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of two different clinical isolates (by region) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus obtained on a reflectron TOF/MS, showing a single change in mass of a protein from m/z 9479 to mtz 9587 giving rise to the strain and geography-related differences observed in Figure 6.3 and reported in Wilkes et al.54...

Figure 6.5 Expanded portions of the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of two clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the same outbreak (and region) obtained on a reflec-tron TOF/MS, showing consistent spectral features observed in all strains from this region/outbreak.

Wilkes, J. G Holland, R. Holcomb, M. Lay J. O., Jr. McCarthy S., Comparison of PY-MS for rapid classification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreak strains. Proc. Am. Soc.of Mass Spectrom. Conf. on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. ASMS, Long Beach, CA 2000. 

Finally, a recent study [57] found rifaximin active against 408 clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated... 

Scrascia M, Forcillo M, Maimone F, Pazzani C Susceptibility to rifaximin of Vibrio cholerae strains from dilferent geographical areas. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003,52 303-305. 

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