Photobacterium fischeri

To identify the specific aldehyde that is actually involved in the light-emitting reaction of living luminous bacteria, Shimomura et al. (1974a) extracted and purified the aldehyde from 40 g each of the bacterial cells of P. phosphoreum, Achromobacter (Vibrio or Photobacterium) fischeri, and an aldehydeless mutant of A. fischeri. The aldehyde fractions were purified, and then oxidized with Tollens reagent (silver oxide dissolved in ammonia) to convert the CHO group into the COOH group. Then the acids obtained were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results indicated that P. phosphoreum had contained a mixture of aldehydes dodecanal (5%), tetradecanal (63%) and hexadecanal (30%), as shown in Table 2.2. Thus, tetradecanal was clearly predominant in... 

Eberhard, A., et al. (1981). Structural identification of autoinducer of Photobacterium fischeri luciferase. Biochemistry 20 2444-2449. 

Sakharov, G. N., Ismailov, A. D., and Danilov, V. S. (1988). Temperature dependencies of the reaction of bacterial luciferases from Beneckea har-veyi and Photobacterium fischeri. Biokhimiya 53 891-898. 

Vibrio fischeri has recently been reclassified as Photobacterium fischeri. 

Horizman T, Baldwin T. The effects of phosphate on the structure and stability of the luciferases from Beneckea harveyi. Photobacterium fischeri, and Photobacterium phosphoreum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980 94 1199-206. 

Photobacterium fischeri MnClj Gene mutation Pf-13 No data + Ulitzur and... 

Photobacterium fischeri Toxicity assessment Phenol-containing water [38]... 

Although the work on luminescent forms gives no positive evidence of permeability as a factor in oxygen consumption, Houck (35) found effects of mercuric chloride (HgCb) on the luminescence of Photobacterium fischeri which may be referable to permeation. It requires approximately 160... 

The bacterial bioluminescent reaction is also catalyzed by a luciferase (EC 1.14.14.3) isolated from marine bacteria. The four most studied types are Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio fischeri, Photobacterium phosphoreum and Photobacterium leiognathi18, 19. In these different luminescent bacteria the... 

Some alternative ecotoxicological bioassays are available for environmental monitoring, and amongst these the tests based on invertebrates such us Daphnia magna (ISO, 1996), microalgae, such as Skeletonema costatum (ISO, 1995) and Selenastrum capricornotum (EPA, 1982), the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri and Photobacterium phosphoreum (ISO, 1998) are well established. These tests use standardized organisms, and are available from a number of commercial companies. 

Luminescence test using Vibrio fischeri (formerly Photobacterium phosphor-eurri) (Environment Canada, 1992b). 

Bacterial luminescence inhibition assay on Vibrio fischeri (formerly Photobacterium phosphoreum). 

P. leiognathi (accession number Q06877) LUXP-PHOPO, iumazine protein of Photobacterium phosphoreum (accession number P25082) LUXY-ViBFi, yeiiow fluorescent protein of Vibrio fischeri (accession number P21578) RiSA-SCHPO, riboflavin synthase of S. pombe (accession number Q9Y7P0). identicai amino acid residues are in shadowed typeface. Red boxes indicate amino acid residues in the S. pombe riboflavin synthase structure that contact substrate in the N- or C-terminai domain. The cyiinder represents the C-terminai a-heiix responsibie for trimerization of riboflavin synthases. ... 

Su et al. (2010) developed 2 QSARs to predict the combined toxicity of phenols and Pb to the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri (formerly Photobacterium phosphoreum) (Table 5.4). However, since the 2 QSARs were not developed to predict cation toxicity, they were not included in Table 5.20. 

The bioluminescence produced by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri (formerly Photobacterium phosphoreum) is the basis for several toxicity bioassays that have been used... 

If a substance is not readily biodegradable, this does not necessarily imply that the substance is toxic to microorganisms. Therefore, specific experiments on bacteria are carried out to obtain information on substance ecotoxicity. Examples are the respiratory inhibition test (e.g., OECD 209, [45]) and the nitrification inhibition test (ISO 9509, [46]), which are performed on a mixed microbial population representative of a sewage treatment plant s community, cell multiplication inhibition test on Pseudomonas putida (ISO 10712, [47]) and flash tests on luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum [22] and Vibrio fischeri [24], which reduce their luminescence when exposed to toxic substances. 

Luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri and Photobacterium sp.) Seawater ISO 11348 Very short exposure time... 

Standardised test methods, such as ISO 11348 [59], could be used for aqueous samples and elutriates. Light-emitting marine bacteria, such as Vibrio fischeri or Photobacterium sp., are used. A defined bacterial inoculum is added to the sample solutions and the change of bioluminescence intensity is measured over a period of 30 min. Ready to use test kits, e.g., LumisTox (Dr. Lange) or ToxAlert (Merck) are available and comply with all the requirements defined in the standard methods. 

Certain proteins have been known to function as secondary emitters, affecting the wavelength and efficiency of the light emission. For example, a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) of a V. fischeri strain accepts excitation energy from a lucifer-ase-bound intermediate and emits yellow light (23). In contrast, the lumazine protein (21 kDa), a fluorescent protein from Photobacterium phosphoreum (24), causes an apparent blue shift of the light produced by the luciferase reaction. The absorption maximum shifts from 496 to 475 nm in the presence of the lumazine protein. 

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