Phosphate fiber paper

Air-conditioning ducts in homes and offices often had asbestos coverings for noise and fire control. Phosphate fiber paper should have been outstanding in these applications. 

Much asbestos was removed from hair driers and similar home equipment. The paper made from phosphate fibers should have been excellent replacements for these uses. 

After cleaning with a phosphate-free detergent, labware should be rinsed extensively with deionized water and finally rinsed at least twice with doubly distilled water before drying. Avoid using paper towels, because lint and microscopic paper fibers often contain metal ions as well as acids/bases used in commercial treatment of paper products. Paper fibers also scatter light and interfere with spectrophotometric assays. 

Industrial surfactants find uses in almost every industry, from asphalt manufacturing to carpet fibers, from pulp and paper production to leather processing. Examples of the types of chemicals used as surfactants are fatty alcohol sulfates, alkanolamides, alkoxylates, sulfosuccinates, amines, quaternaries, phosphate esters, acid esters, blockcopolymers, betaines, imidazolines, alkyl sulfonates, etc. 

Commercial casein is usually manufactured from skim milk by precipitating the casein through acidification or rennet coagulation. Casein exists in milk as a calcium caseinate-calcium phosphate complex. When acid is added, the complex is dissociated, and at pH 4.6, the isoelectric point of casein, maximum precipitation occurs. Relatively little commercial casein is produced in the United States, but imports amounted to well over 150 million lb in 1981 (USDA 1981C). Casein is widely used in food products as a protein supplement. Industrial uses include paper coatings, glues, plastics and artificial fibers. Casein is typed according to the process used to precipitate it from milk, such as hydrochloric acid casein, sulfuric acid casein, lactic acid casein, coprecipitated casein, rennet casein, and low-viscosity casein. Differences... 

Two types of wood pulp provided the fibrils used for patching. The first was a moderately beaten wood pulp obtained from the Department of Pulp and Paper Science, North Carolina State University. The second was Cellunier P, a cellulose provided by the ITT Rayonier Company. Portions of the pulp and Cellunier P were dyed with 0.5% Cuprophenyl Navy Blue RL (from the Ciba-Geigy Corporation) and 0.5% tetrasodium phosphate for 30 min at 82°C to provide greater visual contrast between the fibers and the substrates. The wood pulp was diluted with distilled water to form 0.5 and 0.1% slurries. The Cellunier P was diluted to a 0.05% slurry. Both were treated in a blender to separate lumps formed during dyeing. 

Starch phosphate was combined with rosin and alum to increase the dry strength and ink retention characteristics of paper.1677 Starch phosphates have also been used as soil conditioners to increase water retention.1678 Starch phosphates improved the dispersion and dye reception of synthetic fibers,1667 and are used to stabilize water,1543 finger paints,1679 and white coating colors.1680 Phosphonoamidated starches are useful in paper sizing.1681 Biodegradable films were produced by combining starch phosphate with poly (vinyl alcohol).1682 Phosphonoacetyl starch added to polyacrylonitrile improved it affinity for dyes.1683... 

Fluorinated siufactants have been evaluated for paper uses since die early 1960s [13, 95, 96]. Perfiuorooctyl sulfonamido ethanol-based phosphates were the first substances used to provide grease repellence to food contact papers [97-99]. Fluorotelomer thiol-based phosphates and polymers followed [100-102]. Since paper fibers and phosphate-based fluorinated surfactants are both anionic, cationic bridge molecules need to be used in order to ensure the electrostatic adsorption of the surfactant onto the paper fiber. These surfactants are added to paper through the wet end press where cellulosic fibers are mixed with paper additives before entering the paper forming table of a paper machine. This treatment provides excellent... 

To modify the surfaces entirely (and not spatially resolved as shown with PCBAAm in the previous example) with streptavidin, the tetrazole-functionalized cellulose filter papers were immersed in a solution of maleimide-functionalized streptavidin in phosphate-buffered saline and irradiated. The success of the streptavidin immobilization was ascertained by XPS analysis. A significant increase in the C-C/C-H compared to the tetrazole-functionalized surfaces is in agreement with the presence of the protein on the cellulose fibers. Additionally, a significant increase from 6.0 at % to approximately 11.6 at% is observed in the Nls spectrum. The visual proof can be depicted by the remarkably bright fluorescence (excitation wavelength = 366 nm), whereas the control sample shows, as expected, no fluorescence. It is envisioned that the strategy can be translated to the development of novel bioactive papers and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices necessary for forthcoming developments in medicine. 

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