Pheochromocytoma cells

Palytoxin (PTX), isolated from the zanthid Palythoa species, caused a rapid contraction followed by a slow phasic contraction of the guinea pig vas deferens. The second component of PTX-induced contraction was markedly inhibited by adrenergic blocking agents, whereas the first component was blocked by ouabain. In pheochromocytoma cells,... 

The regulation of phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase is affected by stimuli that increase Ca2+ or cAMP concentrations in neurons, including nerve impulse conduction and certain neurotransmitters in well-defined regions of the nervous system, in the adrenal medulla and in cultured pheochromocytoma cells. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation is stimulated by nerve growth factor in certain cell types, possibly via the activation of ERKs. These changes in the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase have been shown to correlate with changes in the catalytic activity of the enzyme and in the rate of catecholamine biosynthesis. 

Recent studies have shown that cyanide releases catecholamines from rat pheochromocytoma cells and brain slices (Kanthasamy et al. 1991b), from isolated bovine adrenal glands (Borowitz et al. 1988), and from the adrenals of mice following subcutaneous injection of high doses of potassium cyanide (Kanthasamy et al. 1991b). Thus, it was proposed that the cardiac and peripheral autonomic responses to cyanide are partially mediated by an elevation of plasma catecholamines (Kanthasamy et al. 1991b). 

Hu Z, Guan W, Wang W, Huang L, Xing H, Zhu Z (2007a) Synthesis of [1-alanine C60 derivative and its protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Cell Biol Int. 31 798-804. 

Ohmichi M, Zhu G, Saltiel AR (1993) Nerve growth factor activates calcium-insensitive protein kinase C-epsilon in PC-12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Biochem J 295 ( Pt 3) 767-772... 

Kakigi T, Tanimoto K, Maeda K The effect of various antidepressants on the concentration of somatostatin in the rat brain. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol 44 145, 1990 Kalasapudi VD, Sheftel G, Divish MM, et al Lithium augments fos protoonocogene expression in PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells imphcations for therapeutic action of lithium. Brain Res 521 47-54, 1990... 

Ohta A, Gorelik E, Prasad SJ, Ronchese F, Lukashev D, Wong MK, Huang X, Caldwell S, Liu K, Smith P, Chen JF, Jackson EK, Apasov S, Abrams S, Sitkovsky M (2006) A2A adenosine receptor protects tumors from antitumor T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(35) 13132-13137 Olah ME, Roudabush FL (2000) Down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression after A2A adenosine receptor activation in PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 293 779-787... 

Subchronic oral administration of lithium causes a time-dependent increase in the substance P level in the striatum, which is prevented by coadministration of haloperidol. In PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells, lithium dramatically increases the intracellular levels of the neuropeptide neurotensin and the mRNA encoding it. An extensive overlap between specific and high-affinity neurotensin binding sites and dopamine perikarya and dendrites has been shown to occur in the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal projection systems. Consistent with this observation are the results of observations showing that cocaine, an indirect sympathomimetic agent that enhances the extrapyramidal dopaminergic activity, increases dramatically the striatal content of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity. 

Analysis of single mammalian cells by capillary electrophoresis has been reported using on-column derivatization and laser-induced fluorescence detection (11). Dopamine and five amino acids were determined in individual rat pheochromocytoma cells after on-column derivatization. 

Harada, H., Sugiyama, T., Suketa, Y. (1996). Characterization of inhibition by chronic treatment with lithium ion on nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation on frat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 49, 197-206. 

The pharmacological activity of decahydroquinoline ci5-195A and analogs in neuromuscular preparations appears to involve noncompetitive blockade both of nicotinic receptor-channels and of voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels (see reviews in Refs. 3 and 5). Recently, both cis- and rra/i5-decahydroquinolines were shown to block ion flux through nicotinic receptor channels in pheochromocytoma cells and to enhance the rate of desensitization of such nicotinic channels (64,82). 

Disubstituted piperidines (and piperideines) from ants have insecticidal activity and, as venom constituents, serve the ant in a defensive, repellant function (149). 2,6-Disubstituted piperidines are potent noncompetitive blockers of nicotinic receptor-channels in neuromuscular preparations (162) and in electric eel electroplax (163). Synthetic 241D was a potent noncompetitive blocker of nicotinic receptor-channels in both electric eel electroplax and pheochromocytoma cells (64). 

Xiao, X. Q. Yang, J. W. Tang, X. C. Huperzine A protects rat pheochromocytoma cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury. Neurosci. Lett., 1999, 275(2) 73-76. 

Takahashi, M., Tatsumi, M., Ohizumi, Y, and Yasumoto, T. 1983. Ca2+ channel activating function of maitotoxin, the most potent marine toxin known, in clonal rat pheochromocytoma cells. JB/c>/C/7ew 258, 10944-10949. 

Grifinan, M., Soreq, H. (1997). Differentiation intensifies the susceptibility of pheochromocytoma cells to antisense oligodeoxynucleotide-dependent suppression of acetylcholinesterase activity. Antisense Nucl. Acid Drug Dev. 7 351-9. 

Fig. 1. Pertussis toxin-mediated ADP ribosylation of membrane G proteins. Isolated cell membranes (50 ng of protein) from N1E 115 cells (mouse neuroblastoma cell line), N2A cells (mouse neuroblastoma cell line), S49-1 eye cells (S49(-) mutated mouse lymphoma cell line deficient in Ga ), 549 wt cells (wild-type mouse lymphoma cell line), RBL (RBL 2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cell line), GH3 cells (GH3 rat hypophyseal tumor cell line), PC-12 (rat pheochromocytoma cell line), HIT-T15 cells (hamster insulinoma cell line), Y-1 cells (mouse adrenal cortex tumor cell line), 108 cc 15 cells (mouse/rat neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell line), HL-60 cells (DMSO-differentiated human leukemia cell line), HL-60 (+PT) cells (HL-60 cells pretreated with 25 ng/ml of pertussis toxin for 24 h prior to preparation of membranes), RINm5F cells (rat insulinoma cell line), and C6-2 cells (rat glioma cell line) were subjected to P-ADP-ribosylation as described in section 4.3.3. Samples were precipitated as outlined in section 4.3.5 and subjected to SDS-PAGE with separating gels containing 8% acrylamide (w/v). An autoradiogram of the dried gel is shown. Molecular masses of marker proteins are indicated (kDa). Modified Ga proteins migrate at approximately 40 kDa. Radioactivity running in front of the 30 kDa marker protein comigrates with the dye front...

Ahnert-Hilger G, Bader MF, Bhakdi S, efal. (1988) Introduction of macromolecules into bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells and rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC 12) by permeabilization with streptolysin-O inhibitory effects of tetanus toxin on catecholamine secretion. In J Neurochem 52 1751-1758. 

Permeabilized secretory cells are widely used to study the final events during secretion by exocytosis. Convenient cellular models are bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in short term culture and the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC 12. Both cell types take up labeled catecholamines and store them in secretory vesicles, from which they can be released upon stimulation. The released catecholamines can be detected in the supernatant. After permeabilization of the plasma membrane, release of catecholamines can be triggered by micromolar concentrations of Ca. ... 

In smooth muscle and skeletal muscle exposed in vitro, maitotoxins cause calcium ion-dependent contraction. Water-soluble maitotoxins increase the calcium ion influx through the excitable membrane. These toxins possess a specific calcium-dependent action, which causes a release of norepinephrine from rat pheochromocytoma cells. This action occurs in... 

In an in vitro model of opioid dependence using rat pheochromocytoma cells, fentanyl produced an upregulation of adenylate cyclase-cAMP dependent protein kinase. 

Greene LA, Tischler AS (1976) Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73 2424-2428... 

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