Cellular model

These two considerations allowed M. Amon and C. D. Denson to avoid difficulties pertaining to the assignment of concentration gradients near the bubble wall. The authors called their model the cellular model . Setting the quantity of bubbles, they placed each bubble in correspondence with a spherical cell of surrounding liquid with a mass equal to the ratio of the entire liquid mass to the overall quantity of bubbles. This made it possible for them to solve the problem of bubble growth in this cell. 

For a cellular model of the type given in Section IV,I but with a free surface as proposed by Happel for solid particles, Ruckenstein established the form of the function/in two cases ... 

Table 6.5 Effect of isoflavones in cellular models of bone resorption...

Fig. 3. Cellular model for NaCl secretion ([16] e.g., in a colonic carcinoma cell). The symbols have the following meaning = (Na" + K )-ATPase (J = Na 2Cl K -cotransporter - = ion...

For cellular models, a more compUcated form of the above equation is needed, to factor in paracellular, facilitated uptake and effiux transport, etc. [22].)... 

For ionizable molecules, the membrane permeability, P (Pc in cellular models), depends on pH of the bulk aqueous solution. The maximum possible Pm is designated Pq, the intrinsic permeabiUty of the uncharged species. For monoprotic weak acids and bases, the relationship between P and Pq may be stated in terms of the fraction of the uncharged species,, as Pm= Pofo, i-e. ... 

CNTs tested Production method and impurities content Cellular model Cytotoxic effect Ref. 

The book is divided into 3 sections. Section I.Cellular Model Systems, includes 3 chapters (Allelopathy and plant cell diagnostics, Cellular models as biosensors and microalgae for determining the effects of allelochemicals). Section II. New Methods of Microscopy has 5 chapters (Microscopic methods to study morpho-cytological events during the seed germination,... 

Roshchina,V.V. (2004). Cellular models to study the allelopathic mechanisms. Allelopathy Journal 13 3-16. 

Experiment 7. Analysis of the allelochemicals fluorescence out cell and after the stained cellular models - unicellular microspores Equisetum arvense and Hippeastrum hybridum. 

Roshchina V.V. (2004). Plant cholinesterase activity as a biosensor cellular models. In Cholinergic Mechanisms. I. Silman, H. Soreq, L. Anglister, D.M. Michaelson and A. Fisher (eds). pp. 260-263. Martin Dunitz. London, UK. 

Adenylyl cyclase in learning and memory. The cAMP-signal transduction cascade has been demonstrated to play a role critical to the formation of long-term memory in both cellular models and in animals. The specific adenylyl cyclases involved are being identified by current research. In AC1 mutant mice there is a partial disruption of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of... 

There is an extensive list of compounds that can be considered SERMs for which there are available results in either in vitro cellular models or in vivo... 

Fig. 4.1. Cellular model illustrating cell types in vascular wall involved in vasorelaxation induced by SERMs. Putative targets of SERMs are indicated within cyan tags. SERMs directly affect L-type VDCC, BK fil subunit in smooth muscle cells, and ER in endothelial cells. L-type VDCC L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel BK calcium-activated large conductance K+ channel PKG protein kinase G eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase GC soluble guanylate cyclase cGMP cyclic GM P V electrochemical membrane potential ER estrogen receptor. See text for further details...

Fink G (1995) The self-priming effect of LHRH a unique servomechanism and possible cellular model of memory. Front Neuroendocrinol 16 18-190... 

A second element in breast cancer genesis is cellular biology. The availability of cellular models able to reproduce the development of a breast cancer allows the study of the sequential morphologic changes and to test the impact of different manipulations of factors modifying the progression of the disease. 

Ad. 4. Alteration of anatomical features. Finally, several studies have attempted to manipulate the macroscopic features of muscle/meat tissue in order to verify or disprove the intra-/extra-cellular model. Efforts have been made to disrupt cell membranes by glycerination and DMSO treatment in order to make assessment of the potential role of membranes possible.30,40,41 All these studies showed unaltered relaxation behaviour upon membrane disintegration, which suggests that intact cell membranes in themselves are not necessary for a non-mono-exponential relaxation. Irrelevance of membranes... 

Renal Cells. A variety of isolated cellular models exist for studying renal function and injury. These models can generally be divided into two categories models derived from permanent renal cell lines and cellular models derived from freshly isolated renal tissue. 

Cell Lines. Cell lines, derived from tissue of various species, are commercially available from tissue culture banks. These cell populations are immortalized in that they possess the capacity to permanently proliferate in culture. Such cellular models can be studied in short-term suspension (hours) or longer-term monolayer culture (days, weeks, months). Since cell lines have been extensively cultured or passaged for multiple generations, the degree or retention (or loss) of kidney-specific morphology and function is an important limitation that is not thoroughly addressed for a number of renal cell lines. One renal cell line that has been relatively well characterized is the pig kidney cell line, LLC-PK,. 

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