Phenolic tackifying resin

Specific interactions in binary blends of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with various low molecular weight terpene-phenol tackifying resins (TPR) were systematically investigated, as a function of the composition of the blend and of the electron acceptor ability of the resin, by using attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy. Molecular acid-base were evidenced between TPR hydroxyl groups and EVA carbonyl groups. Quantitative information on the fraction of acid-base bonded entities, the enthalpy and equilibrium constant of pair formation were obtained. A crystalline transition of the EVA copolymer was observed and discussed in terms of enthalpy and entropy considerations based on FTIR and calorimetric DSC investigations. Fundamental results are then summarised to predict the interfacial reactivity of such polymer blends towards acid or basic substrates. 16 refs. 

A patent provides a means to eliminate solvent from the production process of a pressure sensitive adhesive. The typical method of producing pressure sensitive adhesive involves mastication of the elastomer, dissolving the elastomer and additives in a hydrocarbon solvent, coating the solution onto a backing, and drying to remove solvent. The phenolic tackifying resin of the invention eliminates the use of solvent process. 

Stearic acid is a usual processing aid in butyl rubber formulations, acting as lubricant and minimizing mill sticking apart from this action, it also plays the role of activator in the curing system. Hydrocarbon or phenolic tackifying resins are sometimes provided in compounds to assist the adhesion in confection or splicing. 

Hydrocarbon resins from petroleum are commonly used as a less expensive alternative to phenolic tackifying resins. These resins are commonly used in the tire industry however, they do not impart aged tack as good as phenolic tackifier resins. 

The f-butylphenol reacts with acetylene to produce acetylene phenol tackifying resin. Also, f-butylphenol reacts with formaldehyde to produce PF tackifying resins. 

Calcium carbide is a feedstock for producing acetylene-phenol tackifying resin. Calcium carbide is a feedstock to make 1,4-butanediol for curing polyurethane elastomers. 

Isobutylene reacts with ammonia to make f-butylamine, an important feedstock in the synthesis of TBBS rubber accelerator, one of the two most widely used accelerators. Isobutylene is dimerized to make diisobutylene, which is used to produce octy-lated diphenylamine (a commonly used rubber antioxidant) and para-t-octyl phenol (a feedstock for the most common phenolic tackifier resin used by the rubber industry). 

Phenol reacts with olefins to produce f-butyl phenol, which reacts with acetylene to produce acetylene phenolic tackifying resins. 

Phenol reacts with diisobutylene to produce /hf-octyl phenol, which is used to produce phenolic tackifying resins. 

Tackifiers. Resins are generally added to adjust the desired tack. In general, resins must be used with plasticizers to obtain a good balance between tack and cohesive strength. Typical tackifiers are polyterpenes, although hydrocarbon resins and modified rosins and rosin esters can also be used. In some cases, terpene-phenolics or phenol-formaldehyde resins are added to increase adhesion. 

Resins fall into one of three functional categories (1) extending or processing resins, (2) tackifying resins, and (3) curing resins. Resins have been classified in an almost arbitrary manner into hydrocarbons, petroleum resins, and phenolic resins. 

Phenolic resins are of two types, reactive and nonreactive. Nonreactive resins tend to be oligomers of alkyl-phenyl formaldehyde, where the para-alkyl group ranges from to C4 to C9. Such resins tend to be used as tackifying resins. Reactive resins contain free methylol groups. In the presence of methylene donors such as hexamethylenetetramine, crosslink networks will be created, enabling the reactive resin to serve as areinforcing resin and adhesion promoter. 

Synonyms Butylated phenol-formaldehyde resin p-t-Butyl phenol formaldehyde resin Phenol formaldehyde butyl resin Uses Tackifier for rubbers, adhesives, cements ManufJDIstrib. Solutia Trade Names Containing Santolink EP 560... 

Water-based dispersions or emulsions such as polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl alcohol with plasticizers and tackifiers. In addition, this range can include urea formaldehyde and phenolic adhesives, resins, natural adhesives produced from starch, dextrin, casein, animal glues (see Polyvinyl alcohol in adhesives, Phenolic adhesives single-stage resoles. Phenolic adhesives two-stage novolacs. Animal glues and technical gelatins) and rubber latex (see Emulsion and dispersion adhesives). Solvent-free 100% solids such as polyurethane. Hot melt adhesives include Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters with tackifiers and waxes. More recent additions include cross-linkable systems. 

Additives used in final products accelerator (MTBS) antidegradants (amine type), antioxidant curing agents (ZnO, Zn stearate) fillers (carbon black and mineral fillers, such as silica, clays, talc, whiting), peroxide (e.g. dicumyl) release agent (metal stearates), retarder (MgO) plasticizers (petroleum based oils), sulfur tackifying resins (phenolic, phenol-formaldehyde, phenol-acetylene, hydrocarbon resins UV stabilizer (carbon black) ... 

Additives used in final products accelerator (MTBS) antioxidant curing agents (ZnO, Zn stearate) peroxide (e.g. dicumyl) retarder (MgO) sulfur tackifying resin (phenolic) UV absorber (carbon black) ... 

Chemically, limestone is also a feedstock for forming calcium carbide, which is used to manufacture acetylene, a feedstock for acetylene black filler, phenol acetylene tackifier resins, and other rubber chemical additives. 

Phenol formaldehyde tackifying resins (non-heat-reactive resins) are synthesized as... 

Figure 11.33 Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde tackifying resins...

Non-heat-reactive phenolic resins Phenol formaldehyde tackifying resins PF tackifier resin... 

Even though phenol formaldehyde tackifying resins are more expensive than most other tackifying resins such as the hydrocarbon type, they are commonly preferred because they impart better aged tack (they retain tack after storage). They are commonly used in the tire industry. 

These phenol formaldehyde resin tackifiers can be replaced by less expensive hydrocarbon resins however, they may not impart adequate aged tack values. 

This is a premium tackifying resin vs. the conventional phenol formaldehyde resins already discussed. However, this more expensive tackifying resin is only used when better aged tack is needed in the factory. 

Figure 11.37 Synthesis of phenol acetylene tackifying resin from reaction of acetylene with f-butyl phenol...

Under extreme conditions, sometimes this tackifying resin will outperform the phenol formaldehyde resin discussed earlier, especially for imparting better aged tack. 

With the proper compounding adjustments, phenolic tackifiers can usually be used in place of hydrocarbon resins. However, phenolic tackifiers are generally more expensive. 

Polyterpene resins are commonly used as tackifying resins to impart building tack to rubber compounds, especially if the compound is based on EPDM, which does not possess very much inherent tack. Polyterpene resins do not impart long-term aged tack as good as the phenol formaldehyde resins. 

Diisobutylene reacts with phenol to produce para-f-octylphenol, used to synthesize phenolic rubber tackifying resins. 

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