Phenol chemoprevention

HUDSON A, DiNH p A, KOKUBUN T, siMMONDS M s, GESCHER A (2000) Characterization of potentially chemopreventive phenols in extracts of brown rice that inhibit the growth of human breast and colon cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 9 (11) 1163-70. 

Surh, Y. J. 1999. Molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 428 1-2, 305-327. 

Galati G, O Brien PJ. 2004. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Free Radic Biol Med 37 287-303. 

Chemoprevention is a strategy used to block or suppress carcinogenesis and degenerative disease using dietary or pharmacological compounds. These chemo-preventive compounds include phenols [such as tm-butyl 4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), t-BHQ (active metabolite of BHA), ethoxyquine, curcumin (from turmeric) and resveratrol (from grapes)] and sulfur compounds [such as oltiplaz, sulforaphane... 

Rao, C.V., Rivenson, A., Simi, B., and Reddy, B.S., Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary curcumin, a naturally occurring plant phenolic compound. Cancer Res., 55, 259, 1995. 

Tanaka, T., Kojima, T., Suzui, M., and Mori, H., Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by the natural product of a simple phenolic compound protocatechuic acid suppressing effects on tumor development and biomarkers expression of colon tumorigenesis. Cancer Res., 53, 3908-... 

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE). CAPE, a phenolic compound with antioxidant properties, is an active ingredient derived from honeybee propolis (52). CAPE has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. The compound differentially suppresses the growth of numerous human cancer cells and also inhibits tumor promoter-mediated processes in transformed cells (53,54). In transformed cells, CAPE induces apoptosis and inhibits the expression of the malignant phenotype (55,56). In addition, CAPE treatment attenuates the formation of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypts and the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), tyrosin protein kinase, and lipoxygenase activity (57). Although the molecular basis for these multiple chemopreventive effects of CAPE is not clear, recent studies have demonstrated that CAPE is a potent and specific inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kB (58). CAPE inhibited the activity and expression of COX-2 in the carrageenan air pouch model of inflammation as well as in TPA-treated human oral epithelial cells (59). CAPE was able to reduce neointimal formation by inhibiting NF-kB activation in a model of endothelial injury of rat carotid artery (60). 

Chemopreventive Properties of Fruit Phenolic Compounds and Their Possible Mode of Actions... 

Six main common chemopreventive effects that phenolic compounds can exert on cancer cells are (1) antioxidant effect, (2) antiproliferation effect, (3) induction of cell-cycle arrest, (4) induction of apoptosis, (5) antiinflammatory effect, and (6) inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis (Table 2). 

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