Malignant phenotype

G2. Garcia, M., Derocq. D., Pujol, P., and Rochefort, H., Overexpression of transfected cathep-sin D in transformed cells increases their malignant phenotype and metastatic potency. Oncogene S, 1809-1814 (1990). 

HMT-3522 Breast Malignant phenotype reversed by anti-integrin blocking mabs No effect in 2-D (107)... 

Weaver VM, Petersen OW, Wang F et al (1997) Reversion of the malignant phenotype of human breast cells in three-dimensional culture and in vivo by integrin blocking antibodies. J CeU Biol 137 231-245... 

The evidence presented earlier, on the effects of combined modality therapy in carcinoma of the anal canal, may exploit to some extent the properties of mitomycin C as a hypoxic cell cytotoxin. This strategy remains valid, as many human tumors are less well oxygenated than the tissues from which they arose. The literature suggests that not only are these hypoxic tumors more difficult to control locally with therapy but that they may possess a more malignant phenotype with a higher propensity for distant spread. Tirapazamine is a drug developed and introduced into the clinic for its ability to target... 

Chakraborty, T., A. Chatteijee, M.G. Saralaya, D. Dhachinamoorthi, and M. Chatterjee. 2006. Vanadium inhibits the development of 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced pre-malignant phenotype in a two-stage chemical rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Life Sciences 78 2839-2851. 

Toole, B.P., Hyaluronan promotes the malignant phenotype, Glycobiology, 12, 37, 2002. 

P16. Plymate, S. R., Bae, V. L., Maddison, L., Quinn, L. S., and Ware, J. L., Reexpression of the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibits the malignant phenotype of simian virus 40 T antigen immortalized human prostate epithelial cells. Endocrinology 138, 1728-1735 (1997). 

So-called natural, or nonadaptive immunity also appears to have a prominent role in controlling the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. Both mice and humans with a low natural killer (NK) activity are more susceptible to develop metastases, whereas adoptive transfer of purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL a subset of cells closely associated with NK activity) to immunosuppressed rodents restored their resistance to metastasis (reviewed in White-side et al., 1998). LGL and Kupffer cells are involved in the defense system of the hver under various physiological and pathological conditions, hi a study with nude mice it was reported that only after... 

Coronin 1C Is Associated with the Malignant Phenotype of Human Diffuse Gliomas... 

Interspecific Xiphophorus hybrids known to produce heritable melanoma and other forms of cancer have thus become a well-established model in which the underlying molecular mechanisms are starting to be elucidated. In addition to the hereditary melanoma model, other hybrids are available that develop defined epithelial, mesenchymal and neuronal neoplasia following treatment with specific carcinogens these all offer the opportunity to study the molecular mechanisms responsible for the malignant phenotype obtained. 

The process of invasion may be less complex than that of metastasis, since Invasion is only one part of the series of steps which comprise metastasis. In fact, cells can display this aspect of the malignant phenotype and not others. Thus, while all metastatic tumors are Invasive, not all invasive tumors are metastatic basal cell carcinomas, for example, are highly invasive but never metastasize. 

The processes that initiate, contribute to and propagate the malignant phenotype can be summarized as follows (Fig. 14.1). 

---