Phases, Testing

Condensed Phases, Testing. In the test described by Erikson (Ref), Lead Azide samples were exposed to the reflected shock region produced in an ordinary shock tube Ref T.A. Erikson, Pure Environmental Shock Testing of Condensed Phases , 3rd-ONRSynpDeton (I960), pp 24-41 

Conductivity of the products of Explosion of Condensed High Explosives was discussed by A.A. Brush et al in ZhEkspTeoretFiz 32, 1543(1959) 

Confinement of Deflagrating Explosives. See Vol 3, p D39 under Deflagrating Explosives and Deflagration 

Confinement Effects in Exploding Bridgewire Initiation of Detonation. Title of the paper by R.H.F. Stresau et al, in 4thONRSympDeton (1965), 449-60 

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These are fitted between the cable boxes and the transformer windings and are accessible through a secured cover. Disconnecting chambers can be employed as a method of isolation, but their most common usage is to facilitate phase-to-phase testing of the connected cables. 

This paper demonstrates the technical feasibility of a plastics energy recovery plant using circulating fluidised bed technology from Ahlstrom of Finland. Full details are given of a two-phase test run conducted at Ahlstrom s pilot plant in Karhula, in order to obtain information on the process behaviour when combusting different types of plastics waste. Results are presented and conclusions drawn. 

The testing phase is important in expert system development. The practical applicability of the expert system will largely depend on this phase. Testing expert systems is different from normal software engineering in a number of ways. First, it is difficult to test exhaustively the full code and all possible paths the reasoning process may follow. Secondly, the nature of expert systems poses some typical problems. Due to their heuristic nature the correctness of the results cannot be easily verified. A certain degree of errors may be acceptable and, moreover, an... 

This is a critical phase. Testing includes demonstration of compliance with all software specifications and production of evidence that attests to the fact that defects which may lead to errors or problems have been identified, remedied, or removed. 

Kaminski GA, Stern HA, Berne BJ, Friesner RA, Cao YXX, Murphy RB, Zhou RH, Halgren TA (2002) Development of a polarizable force field for proteins via ab initio quantum chemistry first generation model and gas phase tests. J Comput Chem 23(16) 1515—1531... 

Honigberg et al (78) tested reversed-phase chromatography for separation of a number of drugs, including hydralazine. The columns contained either octadecyltrichlorosilane or diphenyldichlorosilane, bonded to 37 to 50 Jjn pellicular silica packing. Of the numerous mobile phases tested, the best for separating hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, and reserpine was acetonitrile/0.1% ammonium acetate (20 80), pH 7 35. The columns were 1.22 m x 2 3 mm (ID) and the flow rate was 1.4 ml per minute. Detection was by ultraviolet absorption at 25 nm. 

INPUT DATA — RF VALUES OF CHAMOMILLE FLAVONOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS SEPARATED IN MOBILE PHASES TESTED (1-8)... 

At the initial stages of a release, when the benzene-derived compounds are present at their highest concentrations, acute toxic effects are more common than they are later. These noncarcinogenic effects include subtle changes in detoxifying enzymes and liver damage. Generally, the relative aquatic acute toxicity of petroleum will be the result of the fractional toxicities of the different hydrocarbons present in the aqueous phase. Tests indicate that naphthalene-derived chemicals have a similar effect. 

In the stationary phase test discussed here, we use naphthalene and acenaphthene as our hydrophobic reference compounds, propranolol and amitriptyline as the compounds with basic functional groups, and dipropylphthalate and butylparaben for the determination of other polar selectivities of a packing. The mobile phase is a pH 7.00 phosphate buffer (35.0%) mixed with methanol (65.0%). The details of the test procedure are discussed in References 34, 38 and 39. 

Microtox Solid-Phase Test ECHA Biocide Monitor Bacillus sp., inhibition of dehydrogenase [29,41,42]... 

Kwan, K.K. Dutka, B.J. Evaluation of the Toxi-Chromotest direct sediment toxicity testing procedure and Microtox sohd-phase testing procedure. B. Environ. Contam. Tox. 1992, 49, 656 662. 

FIGURE 9.4 Chromatograms of a reversed-phase test mixture. Plot A is the chromatogram at 30°C and ImL/min, and plot B is the chromatogram at 100°C and 5mL/min. Solutes 1, uracil 2, p-nitroaniline 3, methyl benzoate 4, phenetole 5, toluene. 2.1% (w/w) poly-butadiene coated zirconia column, mobile phase 20% ACN, flow rate was l.OmL/min at 30°C and 5mL/min at 100°C. detection 254 nm. (Reprinted from Li, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 69, 3884, 1997. Copyright 1997, American Chemical Society. With permission.)... 

Rebek J. Mechanistic studies using solid supports—the 3-phase test. Tetrahedron 1979 35 723-731. 

Rebek J, Brown D, Zimmerman S. 3-Phase test for reaction intermediates— nucleophiUc catalysis and elimination reactions. J Am Chem Soc 1975 97 454-455. 

A solution of 2.0 g N-ethyl-N-isopropylindol-3-ylglyoxylamide in 50 mL anhydrous THF was added, dropwise, to 1.5 g LAH in 50 mL anhydrous THF which was well-stirred under an inert atmosphere. This was brought to reflux and held there for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, and the excess hydride destroyed by the cautious addition of wet THF. A 15% NaOH solution was then added until the solids had a loose white cottage cheese character to them, and the mobile phase tested basic by external damp pH paper. These formed solids were removed by filtration, washed first with THF and then MeOH. The filtrate and washings were combined, dried over anhydrous MgS04, and the solvent removed under vacuum. The residue set up to a crystalline mass weighing 1.6 g (90%). This was recrystallized from pentane to provide N-ethyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (EIPT) as a free base with a mp of 71-73°C. Indole can also serve as a precursor to NET which is easily transformed into EIPT. 

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