Explosions deflagrations

Deflagration A propagating chemical reaction of a substance in which the reaction front advances into the unreacted substance at less than the sonic velocity in the unreacted material. Where a blast wave is produced that has the potential to cause damage, the term explosive deflagration may be used. 

Deflagration The ehemieal reaetion of a substanee in whieh the reaetion front advanees into the unreaeted substanee at less than sonie veloeity. Where a blast wave is produeed that has the potential to eause damage, the term explosive deflagration is used. 

The deflagration flame arrester must he subjected to a series of at least 10 explosion (deflagration) tests in a rig with a pipe at least 5 feet (1.5 meters) long with various mixtures of propane in air and different test conditions to test the entire spectrum of possible deflagrations. Also, a series of 3 flashback tests, using a mixture of 4.2 volume percent of propane in air, must be conducted. 

The three basic types of explosions to be concerned about in the chemical and petrochemical environment are combustion explosions (deflagrations), detonation explosions, and BLE 7Es or boiling-liquid expanding vapor explosions [38]. 

A storage silo for lignite particles (not lumps) is 10 ft diameter by 12 ft tall. WTiat protection is needed to guard against destruction from a dust explosion (deflagration) ... 

There is no standardized method for predicting or controlling runaw ay reaction that may lead to explosions (deflagrations or detonations), except possibly the Fauske approach (Figure 7-61). 

Above 400°C in hydrogen, deflagration and flaming of the polymer occurs, the vigour depending on the fluorine content. Rapid heating to 500°C in an inert atmosphere causes explosive deflagration. 

Combustion Burning), Explosion and Detonation of Gases, Vapors and Dusts. See Detonation, Explosion, Deflagration and Combustion of Gases, Vapors and Dusts... 

Deflagration, Heat of. See under DETONATION (AND EXPLOSION), DEFLAGRATION (AND COMBUSTION), AND FORMATION, HEATS OF... 

Delay to Detonation, Explosion or Ignition, also known as Induction Period. See Detonation (and Explosion), Induction Period and also the discussion, which is given in the book of Baum, Stanyukovich Shekhter (1959), pp 24-30. A resume of this discussion is given here under Detonation (Explosion, Deflagration or Ignition) Temperature... 

The heat of explosion can be calculated or determined experimentally in special thick-walled bombs, as described under DETONATION (EXPLOSION, DEFLAGRATION, COMBUSTION AND FORMATION), HEATS OF... 

Detonation (Explosion, Deflagration and Combustion), Stability and Instability of. 

Mathematical Theory of Thermal Explosions of Frank-Kamenetskii. See under Detonation (Explosion, Deflagration and Decomposition), Thermal Theories, and Thermochemistry of... 

Detonation by W.H. Rinkenbach) and 369-72 (Explosives, Pre-explosion reactions, Explosive deflagration, Detonation and Explosion... 

Detonative (and Explosive) Combustion or Explosive Deflagration. The normal combustion of homogeneous gas mixts usually occurs at a rate which is governed by the multiple diffusion processes within and in the neighborhood of the flame front. These processes are leisurly, and the propagation rates or "flame speeds associated with such combstn are of the order of a few meters per second. In the latter part of the 19th century, however, the French scientists Berthelot Vieille (Ref 1),... 

See under Detonative (or Explosive) Combustion or Explosive Deflagration in Vol 4 of Encycl, p D731-L R... 

Detonation Temperature. See Explosion (Deflagration or Ignition) Temperature. Not to be confused with Temperarure Developed on Detonation or Explosion... 

The net heat difference between the heats of formation of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction is termed the heat of reaction . For oxidation, this heat of reaction may be termed heat of combustion . The energy liberated when explosives deflagrate is called the heat of deflagration whereas the energy liberated on detonation of explosives is called the heat of detonation in kj mol"1 or the heat of explosion in kj kg"1. In primary explosives, which are used as initiators,... 

Early explanations about the effect of mechanical energy on the reactivity of solids are the hot-spot-model [23] and the magma-plasma-model [8]. The generation of hot-spof may be used to explain the initiation of a self-sustained reaction such as explosion, deflagration, or decomposition. Temperatures of over 1000 K on surfaces of about 1 pm2 for KM to 10-3 s can be created. These temperatures can also be found near the tip of a propagating crack [24]. Typically nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to describe these phenomena. The magma-plasma-model allows for local nonequilibrium states on the solid surface during impact however, due to the very short time scale of 1(H s of these states only statistical thermodynamics can describe the behavior. 

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