Pharmaceutical technology application

A major development in pharmaceutical technology has been the application of instrumentation techniques to tablet presses. The ability to monitor the forces that develop during the compaction, ejection, and detachment of tablets has brought about new insights into the physics of compaction, facilitated formulation development, and provided a means for the in-process control of tablet weight in manufacturing [62,63], In... 

Although this book focuses on high-throughput analyses in the pharmaceutical industry, applications in environmental analysis are closely related. The same technologies are applicable to both fields. Pharmaceuticals have been monitored as pollutants in surface water, soil, food, and human plasma. In environmental applications, as many as 30 to 40 analytes have been monitored simultaneously. 

Bieniarz, C. Dendrimers applications to pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, in Swarbrick, J. and Boylan, J. C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, v. 18, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1999, pp. 55-89. 

The growing interest in supramolecular chirality stems not only from the intrinsic relevance of such studies for the origin of chirality in life processes, but also from the potential technological applications, such as the separation of optical isomers for the pharmaceutical or food industries. 

J.H. de Boer, Chemometrical Aspects of Quality in Pharmaceutical Technology. The application of robustness criteria and multi criteria decision making in... 

The chapters are selected from the papers presented at two Pharmaceutical Technology Conferences Monte Carlo in 1989 and Veldhoven, The Netherlands, in 1990 and reflect the current state of the art. Chapters 1-8 deal with matrix systems and 9 to 11 with multiparticulate formulations. Chapters 12, 13 and 14 examine opportunities with biodegradable polymers. While the oral route remains the major application, topical (Chapter 8), ophthalmics (Chapters 15-16) and implants (Chapters 16 and 17) are also discussed. 

One indication of the developing interest in PATs in the pharmaceutical area is the number of book chapters and review articles in this field that have appeared in the last few years. Several chapters in The Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy3 are related to the use of various optical spectroscopies in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. Warman and Hammond also cover spectroscopic techniques extensively in their chapter titled Process Analysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry in the text Pharmaceutical Analysis.4 Pharmaceutical applications are included in an exhaustive review of near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) by Workman,5 as well as the periodic applications reviews of Process Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science in the journal Analytical Chemistry. The Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology has several chapters on spectroscopic methods of analysis, with the chapters on Diffuse Reflectance and Near-Infrared Spectrometry particularly highlighting on-line applications. There are an ever-expanding number of recent reviews on pharmaceutical applications, and a few examples are cited for Raman,7 8 NIR,9-11 and mid-IR.12... 

Lopez, O, Implementing Software Applications Compliant with 21 CFR Part 11, Pharmaceutical Technology, March 2000. 

Since mesoporous materials contain pores from 2 nm upwards, these materials are not restricted to the catalysis of small molecules only, as is the case for zeolites. Therefore, mesoporous materials have great potential in catalytic/separation technology applications in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The first mesoporous materials were pure silicates and aluminosilicates. More recently, the addition of key metallic or molecular species into or onto the siliceous mesoporous framework, and the synthesis of various other mesoporous transition metal oxide materials, has extended their applications to very diverse areas of technology. Potential uses for mesoporous smart materials in sensors, solar cells, nanoelectrodes, optical devices, batteries, fuel cells and electrochromic devices, amongst other applications, have been suggested in the literature.11 51... 

Computers have been successfully utilized in pharmaceutical technology to improve productivity, collaborate with other professionals, and to provide solutions for time-consuming manual tasks. For purposes of discussion, the various computer applications are classified as follows ... 

As noted previously, compendial standards arose from the professions on behalf of the public. There are no attempts at regulation by the USP of the daily application of pharmaceutical technology. USP standards are not to be confused with such concepts as the product description. As addressed below, compendial standards are not manufacturing directions as such and do not constitute the manufacturers release criteria. They define the acceptable article as and when used. 

In the sections that follow, we discuss the statistical theory of PPK, review several methods and software programs to be used to estimate PPK parameters, address the design and analysis of PPK studies and some applications of PPK to pharmaceutical technology. 

The application of SEM in the field of pharmaceutical technology is widespread. Solid starting materials for... 

Spray-Dried Products. Spray drying is used to convert solutions, emulsions, or suspensions into powders. The applications in pharmaceutical technology are numerous. Raw materials are spray dried, for instance, to enhance the compressional properties of substances such as lactose and tricalcium phosphate, to distribute a minor component like digoxin more uniformly in a matrix, and to enhance their dissolution rate as described for digoxin in combination with a hydrophilic polymer. ... 

Freeze-Dried Products. Freeze drying was first carried out in 1890 by Altman but became well known through the industrial development of the process. The process is used in the food industry, e.g., for the production of instant coffee, tea, and other products. In the field of pharmaceutical technology, it was for a long time restricted to only few formulations for injection containing the active ingredient in the freeze-dried state in an ampoule to be dissolved just before application. With the increasing interest in protein and peptide formulations, freeze-dried products became more important. These are discussed under section Microparticles for Injection. ... 

Ford, J.L. Timmins, P. Pharmaceutical thermal analysis techniques and applications. In Series in Pharmaceutical Technology, Ellis Norwood Books in Biological Sciences Rubinstein, M.H., Ed. John Wiley Sons New York, 1989. 

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