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Petroleum industry cobalt

One of the major challenges in the petroleum industry today is the removal of sulfur compounds, especially refractive ones such as 4,6-dimethyldibenzo-thiophene (DMDBT), from petroleum fractions such as diesel to concentrations <5-10 ppm from the current values of 50-500 ppm. The current technology is hydrodesulfurization catalyzed by cobalt-nickel-molybdenum sulfides at high pressures. Reducing sulfur concentratios in diesel fuels below 5-10 ppm... [Pg.120]

The so-called cobalt molybdate catalyst has been used much in the petroleum industry for hydrotreating and hydrodesulfurization. More recently, these catalysts have been employed in coal liquefaction and synthoil upgrading. The latter probably accounts for the recent rash of publications on this very interesting catalyst system. Indeed, of the papers surveyed for this review, the majority have been published in the past 5 years with no letup in sight. [Pg.266]

Another important use of cobalt compounds is as catalysts. A catalyst is a substance used to speed up a chemical reaction. The catalyst does not undergo any change itself during the reaction. Cobalt molybdate (C0M0O4) is used in the petroleum industry to convert crude oil to gasoline and other petroleum products. It is also used to remove sulfur from crude oil. [Pg.146]

Commercially, cobalt is used primarily in high-temperature alloys, in tungsten carbide tools, and (with iron and nickel) in permanent magnets. Cobalt salts are used in pigments, in paint dryers, and as catalysts in the petroleum industry. [Pg.631]

An interesting sequel to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is the so-called 0X0 reaction. Olefines derived from the Fischer-Tropsch process will react with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of cobalt carbonyl at temperatures of 110° to 150°C, under pressures of 150 to 200 atmospheres, to yield aldehydes. These can either be reduced to alcohols or oxidized to fatty acids, and they are derived from the petroleum industry... [Pg.198]

Cobalt complexes of polymeric phthalocyanines have been employed in aqueous alkaline solution as heterogenous catalysts in the oxidation of thiols to disulfides (MEROX, mercaptan oxidation process in the petroleum industry, Eq. 6-12, see Sections 5.2 and 5.4, Experiments 5-11 and 5-12). The catalytic activities of the polymer 31 (M = Co(II)) are higher than those of dissolved low molecular weight phthalocyanines, and both complexes exhibit better activities on charcoal than on Si02 as carrier. This is the result of better electrical contact between different reaction centers, which facilitates a multi-electron process in the oxidation of R-S to R-S-S-R and reduction of O2 to H2O [95]. Another advantage of the heterogeneous catalysts in comparison to the dissolved low molecular weight phthalocyanines is their easy re-use. [Pg.245]

Cobalt-containing catalysts (5) are used in the petroleum industry (hydroprocessing) and desulphurisation COMOX (3-5% C03O4, 14% M0O3, remainder z- AI2O3), and in the chemical industry for 0X0 synthesis and the production of TPA (terephthalic acid) and DMT (di-methylterephthalate) where cobalt acetate or cobalt naphtenate/octoate are used. Finally, cobalt-containing catalysts are also used during the Fischer Tropsch synthesis of fuels, oils and waxes from natural gas (GTL gas-to-liquid conversion). These catalysts also contain non-trivial amounts of precious metals (Pt,Ru,Rh,...). [Pg.56]

The petroleum industry uses the Saybolt colorimeter Test Method D 156 for measuring and defining the color of hydrocarbon solvents however, this system of color measurement is not commonly employed outside of the petroleum industry. It has been reported by various sources that a Saybolt color of +25 is equivalent to 25 in the platinum-cobalt system or to colors produced by masses of potassium dichromate ranging between 4.8 and 5.6 mg dissolved in 1 L of distilled water. Because of the differences in the spectral... [Pg.240]

The hydrogenolysis of sulfur-containing compounds is also an important industrial process, known as hydrodesulfurization, in the field of petroleum refinery to reduce the sulfur content of petroleum fractions. The most commonly used catalyst is a mixture of either cobalt or nickel and molybdenum oxides supported on alumina, which is sulfided before use and usually employed at about 300-400°C and 1-7 MPa H2.128 The basic reactions involved in the hydrodesulfurization process are represented in eq. 13.60. [Pg.607]

Nickel is a constituent of many metal alloys (e.g., Ni-Cr-Fe alloys for cooking utensils and corrosion-resistant equipment Ni-Cu alloys for food processing, chemical, and petroleum equipment, and for coinage Ni-Al alloys for magnets and aircraft parts Ni-Cr alloys for heating elements, gas-turbines, and jet-engines). Alloys of nickel with zinc, manganese, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum are used for special industrial purposes, and alloys of nickel with precious metals are used for jewelry. [Pg.844]

The 0X0 process, patented by Roelen in 1938, involved the addition of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to olefins using a cobalt catalyst at 150°C and 200 atmospheres. See BIOS 355, 7 for the Reppe-Ruhrchemie link. For the 0X0 process, see Milton Orchin, The 0X0 Reaction, in Benjamin T. Brooks, Cecil E. Boord, Stewart S. Kurtz, Jr., and Louis Schmerling, eds. The Chemistry of Petroleum Hydrocarbons, volume 3 (New York Reinhold, 1955), pp. 341-361 FIAT 1000 Klaus Weissermel and Hans-Jurgen Arpe, Industrielle organische chemie (Weinheim, 1976), translated by Alexander Mullen, Industrial Organic... [Pg.116]


See other pages where Petroleum industry cobalt is mentioned: [Pg.138]    [Pg.669]    [Pg.930]    [Pg.843]    [Pg.377]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.387]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.531]    [Pg.477]    [Pg.125]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.224]    [Pg.518]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.97]    [Pg.650]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.412]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.616]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.676]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.798]    [Pg.598]    [Pg.675]    [Pg.460]    [Pg.606]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.1069]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.7 , Pg.146 ]




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