Petroleum industrial uses

Liquid phase chromatography can use a supercritical fluid as an eluent. The solvent evaporates on leaving the column and allows detection by FID. At present, there are few instances in the petroleum industry using the supercritical fluid technique. 

J Mikula, VA Munoz. Characterization of emulsions and suspensions in the petroleum industry using cryo-SEM and CLSM. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Aspects, 174(1—2) 23—36, 2000. 

The petroleum industry uses API gravity standards to describe hydrocarbons. Baume measurements are used by industrial manufacturers for nonhydrocarbons. 

The petroleum industry uses them mostly as roughing devices to reduce the loading on activated sludge systems. In some cases, trickling filters are used to pretreat steam-stripped sour water before mixing it with other refinery wastewater streams for secondary treatment [48]. 

The petroleum industry uses four adjectives to describe heating values wet, dry, gross, and net.1... 

Q (E0 Perform a risk-benefit analysis of the petroleum industry. Use the information in this section to help you identify possible risks and benefits. Use the Internet, or reference books to do more research on these risks and benefits. 

The petroleum industry uses numerous heterogeneous catalysts. Many of them contain highly colored compounds of transition metal ions. Several are shown here. 

Testing Materials (ASTM) Or in more elaborate, refluxed true boiling point (TBP) stills. Complex mixtures have been handled successfully for years in the petroleum industry, using empirical methods such as those of Packie23 and Hough)and et al.23 Such methods have been summarized and converted to stepwise computational procedures by Van Winkle 24 they may be regarded as approximate methods. 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the rubber and petroleum industry used as a corrosion inhibitor in iron, steel and metal industries used as a selective solvent for the removal of impurities from oils, fats, and waxes useful in flotation agents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. 

The petroleum industry uses cartridge filters to handle ... 

Certain processes in the chemical and petroleum industries use gaseous hydrogen at high-pressure. Under these conditions, some hydrogen may dissolve into the walls of autoclaves and piping systems made of metal and damage them. 

The petroleum industry uses metallo-silicates as catalysts for craddng processes, Jkylation of benzene with propylene and ethylene, and as adsorbents. Activity and selectivity of those catalysts increase with the help of zeolites with different structures and compositions. 

The petroleum industry uses the Saybolt colorimeter Test Method D 156 for measuring and defining the color of hydrocarbon solvents however, this system of color measurement is not commonly employed outside of the petroleum industry. It has been reported by various sources that a Saybolt color of +25 is equivalent to 25 in the platinum-cobalt system or to colors produced by masses of potassium dichromate ranging between 4.8 and 5.6 mg dissolved in 1 L of distilled water. Because of the differences in the spectral... 

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