Platinum-Cobalt system

Saybolt chromometer is used for determination of color of refined oils, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils. The color standard is compared with the sample by changing the height of the column of a sample until the color is lighter than the standard. The recorded depth of oil is given a Saybolt color number which is reported. It was reported that +25 in Saybolt scale is equivalent to 25 in the platinum-cobalt system. Exact equivalence between two methods is not known. 

The petroleum industry uses the Saybolt colorimeter Test Method D 156 for measuring and defining the color of hydrocarbon solvents however, this system of color measurement is not commonly employed outside of the petroleum industry. It has been reported by various sources that a Saybolt color of +25 is equivalent to 25 in the platinum-cobalt system or to colors produced by masses of potassium dichromate ranging between 4.8 and 5.6 mg dissolved in 1 L of distilled water. Because of the differences in the spectral... 

This test method covers an instrumental method for the CIE (Commission International de I Eclairage) tristimuius measurement of the color of near-clear liquid samples. The measurement is converted to color ratings in the platinum-cobalt system. 

Platinum-cobalt alloy, enthalpy of formation, 144 Polarizability, of carbon, 75 of hydrogen molecule, 65, 75 and ionization potential data, 70 Polyamide, 181 Poly butadiene, 170, 181 Polydispersed systems, 183 Polyfunctional polymer, 178 Polymerization, of butadiene, 163 of solid acetaldehyde, 163 of vinyl monomers, 154 Polymers, star-shaped, 183 Polymethyl methacrylate, 180 Polystyrene, 172 Polystyril carbanions, 154 Potential barriers of internal rotation, 368, 374... 

The voltammetric results also suggest that while platinum is the cathode of choice for the I /I3 redox mediator, it should not be the optimal choice for cobalt complex-based mediators. Likewise, while carbon is a poor cathode with the I /I3 redox mediator system, it should be acceptable for any of the cobalt systems considered here. It must be noted that among the series of Fig. 17.20, one of the most promising cobalt complexes (Co(DTB)32 +) is nearly electrochemically inactive on FTO and ITO electrodes, meaning that the unwanted Co(III) to Co(II) reduction at the... 

In hydroformylation, several metals have high catalytic activity. Roelen discovered hydroformylation by using cobalt as the catalyst metal. Cobalt catalysts need relatively harsh conditions with high pressures and temperatures. A more active catalyst metal is rhodium, which enables working under milder conditions. Other metals which can be employed in hydroformylation are ruthenium, palladium, iridium, or platinum-tin catalysts however, only the most active rhodium and cobalt systems are industrially relevant. The development of hydroformylation catalysts in industry progressed through several steps. 

As a consequence of classical homogeneous hydroformylation systems, the study of this reaction in ILs has essentially been developed around rhodium as catalyst. Only a few exceptions deal with the use of other metals such as platinum, cobalt, or ruthenium. 

Carbonate formation from an alcohol and carbon monoxide is known to take place in the presence of a number of metal and non-metal redox couples, e.g. palladium, platinum, cobalt, copper, nickel, rhodium, mercury, selenium, and bromine. Most of these are also active in the oxidation of CO to CO2 in water, due to the similarity of the reaction pathways for CO2 and carbonate formation, which involve intermediate hydroxy carbonyl and alkoxy carbonyl species, respectively. Competition between carbon dioxide and carbonate formation is a major factor that has to be considered when catalyst re-oxidation is carried out by oxygen, as in most technical developments, since in this case water is co-produced in the reaction system. 

Various metals have been explored to replace Pt, including Fe, Co, Mn, and Pb. Among these metals, cobalt and iron are often used with tetramethoxy-phenylporphyrin (TMPP) or phthalocyanine (Pc) to form metal macrocyclic complexes, which demonstrate performance comparable with Pt in neutral pH conditions. FePc supported on KJB carbon (FePc-KJB) produced a power density of 634 mW m , which is higher than 593 mW m of Pt cathode and other cathodes with metal macrocyclic complexes, including CoTMPP, FeCoTMPP, Co Pc, and FeCuPc [64]. The comparison of FePc and CoTMPP with platinum-based system demonstrated the potential of transition metal-based materials for substitution of the traditional cathode materials in microbial fuel cells [65]. Cheng et al. also demonstrated that the performance of... 

Although the edition of Coordination Chemistry Reviews dedicated to the memory of W. K. Wilmarth in fact contains no new material on [Fe(CN)5L] complexes, it is relevant to mention it here both since it includes a list of Wilmarth s publications in the [Fe(CN)5L] kinetics field and since it deals with several cobalt(III) and platinum(IV) systems that are very close analogues/ It has always seemed surprising that there was no kinetic information on pentacyanoruthenates(II), [Ru(CN)5L] . This omission is now compensated for since a straightforward synthetic route to such complexes has now been described/ ... 

The electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility of [Ni(21)Cl2] were found to be consistent with a five-coordinate high spin complex. This complex has greater antitumor activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia test system in mice than cobalt(II), copper(II), zinc(II) and platinum(II) complexes of 21 [187],... 

IH of alkynylamines has been performed with a variety of catalytic systems based on palladium [274-281], cobalt, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, platinum, copper, silver, zinc, cadmium, mercury [279-281], nickel [279-282], gold [279-281, 283], and molybdenum [284] derivatives. 

Sargeson and co-workers have reported the use of [Pt(en)3]4+ in template reactions to produce the platinum(IV) complexes of the macrobicyclic ligands sep and (N02)2sar (170).477 These reactions are analogous to those that occur around cobalt(III). However, in contrast to the [Co((N02)2sar)]3+ system, reduction of the pendant dinitro groups did not yield amines, but hydroxyamine groups.478... 

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