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Petroleum fluid variations

Case studies - water and petroleum fluid compositional variations... [Pg.3]

Whelan, J. K., Eglinton, L., Kennicutt, M. C. Qian, Y. 2001. Short-time-scale (year) variations of petroleum fluids from the U.S. Gulf Coast. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65, 3529— 3555. [Pg.255]

Deep C t lytic Crocking. This process is a variation of fluid catalytic cracking. It uses heavy petroleum fractions, such as heavy vacuum gas oil, to produce propylene- and butylene-rich gaseous products and an aromatic-rich Hquid product. The Hquid product contains predorninantiy ben2ene, toluene, and xylene (see BTX processing). This process is being developed by SINOPEC in China (42,73). SINOPEC is currentiy converting one of its fluid catalytic units into a demonstration unit with a capacity of 60,000 t/yr of vacuum gas oil feedstock. [Pg.368]

Fig. 30.3. Variation in pH during simulated alkali floods of a clastic petroleum reservoir at 70 °C, using 0.5 N NaOH, Na2C03, and Na2Si03 solutions. Pore fluid is displaced by unreacted flooding solution at a rate of one-half of the system s pore volume per day. Fig. 30.3. Variation in pH during simulated alkali floods of a clastic petroleum reservoir at 70 °C, using 0.5 N NaOH, Na2C03, and Na2Si03 solutions. Pore fluid is displaced by unreacted flooding solution at a rate of one-half of the system s pore volume per day.
Atomic absorption spectrometry is one of the most widely used techniques for the determination of metals at trace levels in solution. Its popularity as compared with that of flame emission is due to its relative freedom from interferences by inter-element effects and its relative insensitivity to variations in flame temperature. Only for the routine determination of alkali and alkaline earth metals, is flame photometry usually preferred. Over sixty elements can be determined in almost any matrix by atomic absorption. Examples include heavy metals in body fluids, polluted waters, foodstuffs, soft drinks and beer, the analysis of metallurgical and geochemical samples and the determination of many metals in soils, crude oils, petroleum products and plastics. Detection limits generally lie in the range 100-0.1 ppb (Table 8.4) but these can be improved by chemical pre-concentration procedures involving solvent extraction or ion exchange. [Pg.333]

This section presents a pilot test of polymer injection after profile control (Yan et al., 2005). The pilot area, Gangxi Block 4, belonged to the Dagang Petroleum Administration Bureau (Dagang Oilfield). The basic reservoir, fluid, and well data are shown in Table 5.25. From this table, we can see the permeability variation coefficient is high, showing this block is very heterogeneous. Before polymer injection, a profile control was needed. [Pg.198]

Finally, the properties of the fluid—viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density—are important parameters in heat transfer. Each of these, especially viscosity, is temperature dependent. Since the temperature varies from point to point in a flowing stream undergoing heat transfer, a problem appears in the choice of temperature at which the properties should be evaluated. For small temperature differences between fluid and wall and for fluids with weak dependence of viscosity on temperature, the problem is not acute, but for highly viscous fluids such as heavy petroleum oils or where the temperature difference between the tube wall and the fluid is large, the variations in fluid properties within the stream become large, and the difficulty of calculating the heat-transfer rate is increased. [Pg.331]

Figure 16. Variation of Casson high shear viscosity (kf) and yield stress (k02) on polymer concentration for simple bentonite-polymer (CMC) drilling fluids. Bentonite content fixed at 20.6 g/L. (Reproduced with permission from reference 32. Copyright 1993 Society of Petroleum Engineers.)... Figure 16. Variation of Casson high shear viscosity (kf) and yield stress (k02) on polymer concentration for simple bentonite-polymer (CMC) drilling fluids. Bentonite content fixed at 20.6 g/L. (Reproduced with permission from reference 32. Copyright 1993 Society of Petroleum Engineers.)...
The development of analytical methods and theoretical and practical methodologies for the determination and interpretation of fluid compositional variation in petroleum reservoirs has been one of the foundation stones of reservoir geochemistry and new developments continue to appear. [Pg.1]

As a group, the J Block fluids show almost as much variation as the entire Central Graben dataset available from in-house semi-regional studies. Oil-source correlation studies have shown that these petroleums are primarily sourced from the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge... [Pg.177]

The Chalk reservoired petroleums of J Block are predominantly undersaturated black oils. The model developed to explain the variation in petroleum type within the Chalk is heavily influenced by the understanding of fluid distribution within the Pre-Cretaceous, as discussed above. [Pg.190]

Phy.sical properties. With one exception, the petroleums tested from the Andrew Sand in the Joanne Field are gas-condensates. However, even within the condensates, there is considerable variation in the fluid properties (Table 3). Separator condensate-gas ratios (CGRs) vary... [Pg.196]

Bjorlykke, K. Gran, K. 1994. Salinity variations in North Sea formation waters implications for large-scale fluid movements. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 11, 5-9. [Pg.302]

Fig. 26. The sterane distribution for fluid inclusions from Halten Vest is similar to the variation observed for the inclusions and present DSTs from the Smorbukk and Smorbukk Sor petroleum systems. This suggests strongly that their SR facies origin is the same, i.e. the same type II marine Spekk Formation The trend along the C27-C29 axis is representing phase fractionation/evaporative fractionation plus maturity effects (cf. Karlsen et al. 1995). Fig. 26. The sterane distribution for fluid inclusions from Halten Vest is similar to the variation observed for the inclusions and present DSTs from the Smorbukk and Smorbukk Sor petroleum systems. This suggests strongly that their SR facies origin is the same, i.e. the same type II marine Spekk Formation The trend along the C27-C29 axis is representing phase fractionation/evaporative fractionation plus maturity effects (cf. Karlsen et al. 1995).
In many petroleum reservoirs around the world, reservoir fluid composition has been found to very with location and depth. Patel found the viscosity of Athabasca, Peace River, Wabasca and Cold Lake bitumens to vary with depth of the formation. Schulte explained the compositional variations within a hydrocarbon column by gravity segregation phenomenon. However, he found that the extent of variation to be higher with larger aromatic fractions in the hydrocarbon fluid. Hirschberg concluded that the heavy polar components play a key role in compositional and oil viscosity variation and in particular, identified asphaltene segregation to have a dominant effect. Hirschberg found that the... [Pg.2]

An important characteristic of silicone fluids is the relatively small variation of viscosity with temperature (provided, of course, the temperature is not sufficiently high to cause degradation). This property is illustrated in Table 15.3, wherein the viscosities of a silicone fluid and a petroleum oil are compared. The small change in viscosity of silicone fluids stems from the low interaction between chains. [Pg.366]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.3 ]




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