Petitgrain, oil

Determination of the enantiomeric distribution of a-pinene, /3-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and nerolidol in neroli and petitgrain oils... 

D. Jukelka, A. Steil, K. Witt and A. Mosandl, Chiral compounds of essential oils. XX. Cliirality evaluation and authenticity profiles of neroli and petitgrain oils , ]. Essential Oil Res. 8 487-497 (1996). 

PET/HDPE blends, 21 452. See also High density polyethylene (HDPE) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Petite yeasts, 26 451 Petitgrain oils, in perfumes, 18 370 PET molding resins, 20 56-57 current prices for, 20 59t properties of, 20 59t uses for, 20 57 PETN, 10 734-735. See also... 

Of the four possible isomers (due to the double bonds in the 2- and 6-positions), the trans-trans isomer is the most common in nature and occurs, for example, in ambrette seed oil. 2-cis-6-trans-Fsinieso has been identified in petitgrain oil Bigarade. 

Oils isolated from other parts of citrus plants (blossoms and leaves) are not classified as citrus oils because the former show marked differences in composition and organoleptic properties, they are described in other sections (see Neroli Oil, and Petitgrain Oils). 

Petitgrain oils are obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of citrus trees. The oils derived from the bitter orange tree are the most important. Other petitgrain oils (mandarinier, citronnier, and bergamottier) are less important. Petitgrain oil mandarinier is a source of natural methyl A -methylanthranilate, which is present at a concentration of nearly 50%. Petitgrain oils are essential constituents of eau de cologne. 

Petitgrain oil Paraguay is obtained from an acclimatized variety of the bitter orange tree. Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium, which is grown in Paraguay. It is pale yellow liquid with a characteristic, strong, pleasant odor, reminiscent of linalool and linalyl acetate. 

Petitgrain Oil, Paraguay Type, occurs as a yellow to brown-yellow liquid with a somewhat harsh, bittersweet, floral odor. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the leaves and small twigs of the bitter orange tree, Citrus auran-tium L. subspecies amara (Fam. Rutaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils and is soluble, with opalescence or turbidity,... 

In the Citrus genus, a-terpineol occurs in the prevalence of (-)-enantiomer in the species Citrus aurantifolia. Citrus latifolia and Citrus limon, while it has been found as (+)-enantiomer of a high enantiomeric purity in Citrus clementine. In neroli and petitgrain oils (Citrus aurantium) (+)-a-terpineol has been detected as the dominant enantiomer. 

So far only the oils obtained from citms fruits have been taken into account. Additionally, essential oils of the leaves, twigs and blossoms of citrus species are also available. Water vapour distillates of leaves and twigs are called petitgrain oils, while the distillate of orange blossoms is commercially available as neroli oil. Furthermore, also an orange flower absolute is produced from orange blossoms [2]. 

While most perfumers employ raw citrus or petitgrain oils for usage in fragrance applications (solubility in alcoholic fragrances is sufficient and no thermal stress is required for fragrance applications), the usage of concentrated citrus oils is often called for in the food industry. Applications in beverages and foods require more sophisticated properties as far as solubility and stability are concerned. 

Italian mandarin oils are characterised by the terpenes limonene (app. 70%) and y-terpinene (app. 20%). Apart from a-sinensal and long-chain saturated aldehydes there is a number of sensorially important unsaturated aldehydes with citrus-like, aldehy-dic, fatty and waxy flavour. Also the potent C-11-hydrocarbons (l,3E,5Z)-undeca-triene, (1,3E,5E,8Z)-, (l,3E,5Z,8Z)-undecatetraene and methyl N-methylanthranilate characterise the typical taste and odour of red mandarin [76]. The latter compound, which also causes the fluorescent character of mandarin oil, is a main constituent of mandarin leaf oils (see Petitgrain oils). 

The Petitgrain oils of the citrus varieties mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) are also commercially available, but to a far lesser extent than for bitter orange. Mandarin Petitgrain oil is characterised by its unique sensory impact, which apart from y-terpinene (20-25%) results from its high content of methyl N-methylanthranilate (40-50%) [106-108]. 

On a commercial basis, lemon Petitgrain oil is produced from citrus leaves in Italy. In contrast to other Petitgrain oils, its composition resembles more to the peel oil of the corresponding fruits. The main constituents are limonene (app. 30%), P-pinene (10-20%) and citral (15-28%) [104, 109-114]. 

The Petitgrain oils of the citrus varieties grapefruit [115], tangerine 76/, lime [111] and sweet orange [117, 118] are of minor sensory interest and, therefore, only produced on a limited commercial scale. 

Use Extracts, perfumery, flavoring agent, substitute for petitgrain oil. 

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