Petitgrain

Determination of the enantiomeric distribution of a-pinene, /3-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and nerolidol in neroli and petitgrain oils... 

Mondello et al. (54) have developed some applications of on-line HPLC-HRGC and HPLC-HRGC/MS in the analysis of citrus essential oils. In particular, they used LC-GC to determine the enantiomeric ratios of monoterpene alcohols in lemon, mandarin, bitter orange and sweet orange oils. LC-GC/MS was used to study the composition of the most common citrus peel, citrus leaf (petitgrain) and flower (neroli) oils. The oils were separated into two fractions, i.e. mono- and sesquiterpene... 

D. Jukelka, A. Steil, K. Witt and A. Mosandl, Chiral compounds of essential oils. XX. Cliirality evaluation and authenticity profiles of neroli and petitgrain oils , ]. Essential Oil Res. 8 487-497 (1996). 

PET/HDPE blends, 21 452. See also High density polyethylene (HDPE) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Petite yeasts, 26 451 Petitgrain oils, in perfumes, 18 370 PET molding resins, 20 56-57 current prices for, 20 59t properties of, 20 59t uses for, 20 57 PETN, 10 734-735. See also... 

Source Indole was detected in jasmine flowers Jasminum officinale), licorice [Glycyrrhiza glabra), kohlrabi stems [Brassica oleraceavAT. gongylodes), and hyacinth flowers Hyacinthus orientalid at concentrations of 42 to 95, 2, 1.33, and 0.24 to 3.45 ppm, respectively. Indole also occurs in tea leaves, black locust flowers, corn leaves, petitgrain, and yellow elder (Duke, 1992). 

Source Methanol occurs naturally in small-flowered oregano (5 to 45 ppm) (Baser et al., 1991), Guveyoto shoots (700 ppb) (Baser et al., 1992), orange juice (0.8 to 80 ppm), onion bulbs, pineapples, black currant, spearmint, apples, jimsonweed leaves, soybean plants, wild parsnip, blackwood, soursop, cauliflower, caraway, petitgrain, bay leaves, tomatoes, parsley leaves, and geraniums (Duke, 1992). 

Linalyl acetate is the principal constituent of the essential oils of bergamot, clary sage, lavender and lavandin. It is also present in the essential oils of Salvia officinalis, petitgrain, sassafras, neroli, lemon, lime, a few Mentha species and others. 

Ravid U, Putievsky E, Katzir I, Ghiral GG analysis of enantiomericaUy pure (i )(—)-linalyl acetate in some Lamiaceae, myrtle and petitgrain essential oils, Flavour Fragr J A TJ b—2ElG, 1994. 

Of the four possible isomers (due to the double bonds in the 2- and 6-positions), the trans-trans isomer is the most common in nature and occurs, for example, in ambrette seed oil. 2-cis-6-trans-Fsinieso has been identified in petitgrain oil Bigarade. 

Oils isolated from other parts of citrus plants (blossoms and leaves) are not classified as citrus oils because the former show marked differences in composition and organoleptic properties, they are described in other sections (see Neroli Oil, and Petitgrain Oils). 

Petitgrain oils are obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of citrus trees. The oils derived from the bitter orange tree are the most important. Other petitgrain oils (mandarinier, citronnier, and bergamottier) are less important. Petitgrain oil mandarinier is a source of natural methyl A -methylanthranilate, which is present at a concentration of nearly 50%. Petitgrain oils are essential constituents of eau de cologne. 

Petitgrain oil Paraguay is obtained from an acclimatized variety of the bitter orange tree. Citrus aurantium L. subsp. aurantium, which is grown in Paraguay. It is pale yellow liquid with a characteristic, strong, pleasant odor, reminiscent of linalool and linalyl acetate. 

Petitgrain oU, Bigarade Citrus aurantium L. subsp. Aurantium Leaf and twig oil. french linalyl acetate (51-71), linalool (12-24) Itaban linalyl acetate (51-63), linalool (22-33) Paraguayan linalyl acetate (40-60), linalool (15-30)... 

Reminiscent of an earlier style of formulation, Femme contains a relatively high proportion of fresh top notes based on bergamot and lemon, as well as petitgrain citronnier. At the heart of the underlying chypre accord is a fruity jasmin note (a jasmin benzol type may here be used), oakmoss, methyl ionone, patchouli, and labdanum, with small amounts of woody materials. The fruity note in Femme is probably introduced in the form of a base, such as the famous Prunol of de Laire, containing aldehyde C14. The underlying warmth comes from... 

Perspiration often also has a pungent component. A similar odor is found as a component of neroli oil and, to a less extent, of oil of petitgrain. Both oils are common ingredients of citrus colognes, the former today in the form of synthetic replacements. These same oils, for similar reasons, are also effective in masking the characteristic odor of lanolin. 

Examples of essential oil compounds showing these different odours include d-limonene, which has a dull citrus odour while /-limonene has a turpentine odour similarly, d-linalool has a floral, woody (lavender-like) odour, while /-linalool has a floral (petitgrain-like) odour. 

Linalyl acetate (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-yl acetate) Found in essential oils of bergamot, lavender, lavandin, spike lavender, Clary sage, neroli and petitgrain. Floral, fruity, sweet and herbaceous odour. 

Geranyl acetate (trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl acetate) Found in many essential oils including geranium, citronella, lavender, petitgrain and sweet marjoram. Fruity, floral, fresh, rose-like odour. 

This is when an oil is substituted with a cheaper oil, e.g. petitgrain for neroli, or lemongrass for lemon verbena. 

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