Person perception

Expert forensic psychiatrists believe that Shipman was indeed a psychopath, feeding a need to maintain a perfect public and personal perception of himself. His addiction to the power of a perfect murder grew in strength and momentum over time, and cost the lives of many of those who entrusted their care to him. John Pollard, a coroner who knew and worked with Shipman has theorized that The only valid possible explanation for it is that he simply enjoyed viewing the process of dying and enjoyed the feeling of control over life and death. ... 

Our account presents some personal perceptions of the concepts and the models that have found the most successful apphcations in the recent literature, with the aim of initiating a debate intended to contribute towards advancement of the theory of the subject. There are many citations of our own publications. These naturally emphasize the conclusions for which we feel the greatest personal confidence. References are made to older works when the chemical concepts are more satisfactorily described, or the discussions show greater insights than in the more modem articles. The need for greater emphasis on chemical, rather than mathematical, representations of behaviour (molecular models for mechanistic proposals, comparisons of properties with reference to chemical compositions, etc.) is a main theme of this book. 

Most people shake their heads at such information, and regard the notion of "possession by alien forces" as a drug-induced hallucination. It is this disbelief, based upon the deeply ingrained illusions of materialism, that is the crux of the problem we are handicapping ourselves into extinction by our pseudo-scientific denial of any perception transcending a narrowly defined consensus reality. Ultimately, we must face the question of how willing we are to accept the hypothesis of other dimensions not the lip service paid to Heaven and Hell by the monotheistic religions, but the possibility of immediate personal perception of other realms of experience. 

In that context, this personal perception approach, there are 3 concerns in the field of basic engineering that impact us in om gas measuremerrt practice ... 

PERFORMING THE ANALYSIS. After a checklist is prepared, it can be applied by less experienced engineers if necessary. Team members should walkthrough and visually inspect the process areas to compare the process equipment and operations to the checklist items. The checklist can be reviewed in either hard copy or computer-based form. The analysts respond to the checklist items based on observations from their visual inspections, process documentation, interviews with operating personnel, and personal perceptions. If the process... 

Let us concentrate upon our perceptions of the world through our sense organs. These may be divided into two kinds, personal and intersubjective. The first of these, personal perceptions such as pain, are entirely individual we all know of the difficulty of describing the intensity of pain to the doctor. Intersubjective perceptions, on the other hand, are those which we share for example, we all see the same moon. Now in the normal use of the word objective, this intersubjectivity may be described as objectivity but in fact this is not satisfactory. The perception itself is intersubjective but the quality of the perception may not be. For example, we may both see an object, but the quality of its beauty, in the famous phrase, lies in the eye of the beholder . We must, therefore, be clear about what we mean by words such as objectivity and subjectivity. We will return to this in the next section. 

The stressor PSFs are largely based on personal perception, and the person-based PSFs play a significant role in the way that individuals perceive loads. This close relationship ensures correlation between the two PSF categories. However, the stressor and person categories can stiU meet the condition for orthogonality the PSFs in the categories may interact, but they are distinctly defined entities. 

Communication and promotion of health and safety Personal perception Off-the-job health and safety... 

The employer is charged with the provision of a safe system of work . The efforts made by the employer in this case, in seeking to ehminate electrical fatalities were proper. However, the delicate nature of personal perceptions and the subsequent implementation of safety programmes are always going to be difficult areas to match. 

Heaton, A., and Kruglanski, A. 1991. Person perception by introverts and extroverts undertime pressure need for closure effects. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 17, 161-5. 

When people s feeUngs of importance related to safety increase, their personal responsibiUty for safety also increases. So a rationale for decreasing top-down control over safety is that enforcement or punishment procedures decrease the recipient s sense of importance. And the strategies reviewed above for increasing feeUngs of empowerment also enhance personal perceptions of importance. 

In this chapter we shall explore the notion of selective sensation or perception, and then relate this concept to perceived risk and injury control. Several factors will be discussed that impact whether employees react to workplace hazards with alarm, apathy, or something in between. Taken together, these factors shape personal perceptions of risk and illustrate why the job of improving safety is so... 

Figure 5.3 The environment context influences personal perception of the man in imiform.

Some participants arrive at my seminars and workshops with a "closed mind" and a "have to be here" attitude. Others start with an "open mind" and an "opportunity to learn" outlook. This is another example of the power of personal perception—how much one learns at these seminars depends on perceptions going in. 

It is also possible that this discussion and the exercises on personal perception have reduced your tendency to blame individuals for an injury or to look for a single root cause of an undesirable incidenf. Before we reacf to an incident or injury with our own viewpoint, recommendation, or corrective action, we need to ask others about their perceptions. 

You probably recognize this difference between learned helplessness and learned optimism as the more popular pessimist vs. optimist distinction. As you have heard it asked before, "How do you see the glass of water " Is it half full or half empty We see it differently, depending on our current state of optimism or pessimism. This contrast in personal perception is illustrated humorously in Figure 6.9. The point is that our personality, past experience, and current situation influence whether we feel optimistic and in control or pessimistic and out of control. 

Hence, it is important to recognize that our commimication may not be received as intended. We might do our best to come across positively and constructively, but because of factors beyond our control, the communication might be misperceived. One s inner state can dramatically bias the impact of feedback. I am referring, of course, to variation in personal perception, or selective sensation, as discussed earlier in Chapter 5. 

Achievable tasks. What makes for a "can do" attitude Personal perception is the key. A supervisor, parent, or teacher might believe he or she has provided everything needed to complete a task successfully. However, the employee, child, or student might not think so. Hence, the importance of asking, "Do you have what you need " We are checking for feelings of self-efficacy. This is easier said than done because people often hesitate to admit they are incompetent. Really, who likes to say, "I can t do it " Instead, we try to maintain the appearance of self-efficacy. 

Figure 18.7 These questionnaire items measure personal perception regarding the safety of an organization and were selected from the Safety Culture Survey developed by Safety Performance Solutions, Inc. With permission.

Holton (2004) has attempted to define risk from an operational point of view. He snggests that risk has two components exposure and uncertainty. Holton (2004) also suggests that when operationally defining exposure, uncertainty and risk it is only a personal perception that we have of the situation. Chiles and McMackin (1996) observe that a manager s perspectives of risk are associated with the notion of economic loss. Spekman and Davis (2004) suggest that, generally due to the downside effect of the outcome, risk tends to have negative cormotations. Hence, what exactly is risk, and, is it possible to quantify the risks that can only be perceived One of the ways to define some aspects of perceived risks may be the development of appropriate risk metrics. The next section will explore the more specific aspects of snpply chain risks. 

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